临近空间大气环境落球探测中的科氏力影响

范志强; 盛峥; 赵增亮; 周育锋; 张义生; 江军

doi:10.11728/cjss2022.01.201203104

临近空间大气环境落球探测中的科氏力影响

doi: 10.11728/cjss2022.01.201203104

范志强^{1, 2,},
盛峥³,
赵增亮^{1, 2},
周育锋^{1, 2},
张义生^{1, 2},
江军^{1, 2}

1.
中国人民解放军61540部队　北京　100029
2.
地理信息工程国家重点实验室　西安　710054
3.
国防科技大学气象海洋学院　长沙　410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目资助(41875045)

详细信息

作者简介:
范志强：E-mail：zqfan2016@sina.com

中图分类号: P356
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-03
- 录用日期: 2022-01-06
- 修回日期: 2021-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-25

Impact of Coriolis Force in the Falling-sphere Detection of Near-Space Atmospheric Environment

FAN Zhiqiang^{1, 2
,},
SHENG Zheng³,
ZHAO Zengliang^{1, 2},
ZHOU Yufeng^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yisheng^{1, 2},
JIANG Jun^{1, 2}

1.
61540 Troops of PLA, Beijing 100029
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi’an 710054
3.
Institute of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073

摘要

摘要:
气象火箭落球探测技术是临近空间大气环境探测的重要方法。在落球探测数据处理过程中，通常忽略科氏力项的影响。本文利用经验预报模式构建落球探测正演仿真模型，并根据落球探测原理建立参数反演模型，在此基础上仿真模拟了落球探测数据处理过程中忽略科氏力项对大气参数反演精度的影响。在95~100 km高度范围内，忽略科氏力项将引起温度、密度、纬向风和经向风等大气参数较大反演误差，其误差特性随探测点纬度、各方向初始速度等呈现不同的变化规律，之后反演误差将随高度下降而逐渐下降。当高度下降至约70 km时科氏力项带来的影响基本可以忽略不计。研究结果表明在临近空间大气环境落球探测数据处理过程中不能忽略科氏力项的影响。本文结果对提高落球探测大气参数反演精度具有重要的参考价值。
- 临近空间 /
- 落球探测 /
- 大气参数反演 /
- 科氏力 /
- 误差评估
Abstract:
Meteorological rocket falling-sphere detection technology is an important method for detecting atmospheric environment in near space. The influence of Coriolis force was usually ignored in the data processing of falling-sphere detection. The empirical forecasting models were used to build a forward simulation model for falling-sphere detection, and a parameter inversion model was established according to the principle of falling-sphere detection. The forward model and inversion model were combined to simulate the inversion error of retrieved parameters when ignoring the Coriolis force term. In the height range of 95 ~ 100 km, the inversion errors of atmospheric parameters such as temperature, density, zonal wind and meridional wind are relatively large, and the error characteristics vary with the latitude of the detection point and the initial velocity in each direction. After that, the inversion error gradually decreases as the height decreases. When it drops to about 70km, the influence caused by the Coriolis force term is gradually negligible. The research results show that the influence of the Coriolis force term can’t be ignored during the data processing of falling-sphere detection. The results of this paper have an important reference value for improving the accuracy of atmospheric parameter inversion for falling-sphere detection.
- Near-space /
- Falling-sphere Detection /
- Atmospheric Parameter Inversion /
- Coriolis force /
- Error assessment

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图 1 落球的空间三维坐标系（a）与受力分析（b）

Figure 1. Three-dimensional coordinate system (a) and force analysis (b) of falling-sphere

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图 2 落球探测正演仿真模型流程

Figure 2. Flow chart of forward simulation model for falling-sphere detection

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图 3 正演仿真模型落球飞行轨迹与真实落球飞行轨迹的对比

Figure 3. Comparison of the modeling flight path and the real flight path

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图 4 落球探测大气参数反演模型流程

Figure 4. Flow chart of inversion model of atmospheric parameters for falling-sphere detection

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图 5 落球探测大气参数反演结果与背景环境大气参数对比

Figure 5. Comparison of atmospheric parameters between inversion results and background environment

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图 6 大气密度廓线推导计算大气温度廓线时的误差

Figure 6. Error diagram of atmospheric temperature profile derived from atmospheric density profile

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图 7 科氏力项影响的计算分析流程

Figure 7. Calculation flow chart of Coriolis force term influence

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图 8 不同纬度条件下忽略科氏力项时的大气参数反演结果及误差廓线

Figure 8. Atmospheric parameter inversion results and error profiles when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different latitudes

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图 9 不同$ {v_{{x_0}}} $条件下忽略科氏力项大气参数反演结果及误差廓线

Figure 9. Atmospheric parameter inversion results and error profiles when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different $ {v_{{x_0}}} $

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图 10 不同$ {v_{{y_0}}} $条件下忽略科氏力项大气参数反演结果及误差廓线

Figure 10. Atmospheric parameter inversion results and error profiles when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different $ {v_{{y_0}}} $

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图 11 不同$ {v_{{z_0}}} $条件下忽略科氏力项大气参数反演结果及误差廓线

Figure 11. Fig.11 Atmospheric parameter inversion results and error profiles when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different $ {v_{{z_0}}} $

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表 1 模型验证的初始参数设置

Table 1. Initial parameter settings for model verifications

球体参数		坐标系原点		初始位置/km			初始速度/(m·s^–1)
直径/m	质量/g	经度	纬度	x₀	y₀	z₀	v_x	v_y	v_z
1.003	275.3	86°E	41°N	48.6	–1.8	99.3	243.6	–16.3	307.1

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表 2 初始参数设置

Table 2. Initial parameter schemes

方案	球体参数		坐标系原点		初始位置/ km			初始速度/ (m·s^–1)
方案	直径/m	质量/g	经度	纬度	x₀	y₀	z₀	$ {v_{{x_0}}} $	$ {v_{{y_0}}} $	$ {v_{{z_0}}} $
方案一	1	300	86°E	变量	0	0	100	50	50	200
方案二	1	300	86°E	40°N	0	0	100	变量	50	200
方案三	1	300	86°E	40°N	0	0	100	50	变量	200
方案四	1	300	86°E	40°N	0	0	100	50	50	变量

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表 3 不同纬度条件下忽略科氏力项时的大气参数反演误差

Table 3. Atmospheric parameter errors when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different latitudes

大气参数	考虑科氏力	纬度/(°)N					高度/ km
大气参数	考虑科氏力	0	20	40	60	80	高度/ km
温度误差/ K	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	30
	–1.02	–1.17	–1.16	–1.14	–1.10	–1.05	70
	–0.64	–3.30	–3.14	–2.67	–1.99	–1.20	85
	0.65	–6.56	–6.19	–5.13	–3.34	–0.83	95
密度误差/ (%)	0.29	0.21	0.21	0.22	0.23	0.24	30
	–0.14	–0.20	–0.20	–0.19	–0.18	–0.16	70
	–0.43	–0.35	–0.36	–0.38	–0.41	–0.43	85
	–0.66	–1.82	–1.71	–1.42	–1.09	–0.88	95
纬向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.02	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	0.00	30
	–0.01	–1.52	–1.41	–1.12	–0.70	–0.20	70
	–0.04	–12.71	–11.59	–9.07	–5.46	–1.21	85
	–0.09	–47.70	–42.63	–32.40	–18.32	–2.18	95
经向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	0.00	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	–0.02	–0.03	–0.08	–0.12	–0.16	–0.18	70
	–0.07	–0.18	–0.56	–0.88	–1.11	–1.22	85
	–0.10	–1.41	–3.47	–5.13	–6.18	–6.49	95

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表 4 不同 $ {v_{{x_0}}} $ 条件下忽略科氏力项时的大气参数反演误差

Table 4. Atmospheric parameter errors when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different $ {v_{{x_0}}} $

大气参数	考虑科氏力	$ {v_{{x_0}}} $/(m·s^–1)				高度/ km
大气参数	考虑科氏力	0	50	100	150	高度/ km
温度误差/ K	0.12	0.12	0.07	0.03	–0.01	30
	–1.01	–0.99	–1.14	–1.28	–1.43	70
	–0.66	–0.65	–2.67	–4.47	–6.42	85
	0.64	–0.18	–5.13	–6.66	–10.64	95
密度误差/ (%)	0.16	0.16	0.22	0.28	0.33	30
	–0.16	–0.14	–0.19	–0.24	–0.29	70
	–0.45	–0.32	–0.38	–0.49	–0.59	85
	–0.72	–0.46	–1.42	–3.64	–5.87	95
纬向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	0.02	–1.09	–1.12	–1.15	–1.19	70
	0.00	–8.99	–9.07	–9.24	–9.50	85
	–0.05	–31.48	–32.40	–34.39	–37.39	95
经向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	–0.02	–0.07	–0.12	–0.18	–0.23	70
	–0.07	–0.09	–0.88	–1.66	–2.42	85
	–0.10	–0.05	–5.13	–10.23	–15.23	95

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表 5 不同$ {v_{{y_0}}} $条件下忽略科氏力项时的大气参数反演误差

Table 5. Atmospheric parameter errors when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different $ {v_{{y_0}}} $

大气参数	考虑科氏力	$ {v_{{y_0}}} $/(m·s^–1)				高度/ km
大气参数	考虑科氏力	0	50	100	150	高度/ km
温度误差/ K	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.05	30
	–1.02	–1.14	–1.14	–1.13	–1.14	70
	–0.66	–2.77	–2.67	–2.50	–2.55	85
	0.64	–6.17	–5.13	–3.63	–3.52	95
密度误差/ (%)	0.26	0.20	0.22	0.24	0.25	30
	–0.14	–0.19	–0.19	–0.19	–0.19	70
	–0.43	–0.36	–0.38	–0.41	–0.44	85
	–0.70	–1.09	–1.42	–1.85	–2.29	95
纬向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	–0.01	–1.18	–1.12	–1.06	–1.00	70
	–0.04	–9.80	–9.07	–8.30	–7.51	85
	–0.11	–36.78	–32.40	–27.87	–23.29	95
经向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	0.01	–0.09	–0.12	–0.15	–0.18	70
	–0.03	–0.76	–0.88	–0.98	–1.09	85
	–0.04	–4.45	–5.13	–5.76	–6.32	95

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表 6 不同$ {v_{{z_0}}} $条件下忽略科氏力项时的大气参数反演误差

Table 6. Atmospheric parameter errors when the Coriolis force term is ignored for different $ {v_{{z_0}}} $

大气参数	考虑科氏力	$ {v_{{z_0}}} $/(m·s^–1)				高度/ km
大气参数	考虑科氏力	50	100	150	200	高度/ km
温度误差/ K	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	30
	–1.01	–1.12	–1.15	–1.15	–1.14	70
	–0.74	–2.86	–3.58	–3.21	–2.67	85
	0.07	–17.00	–16.40	–10.26	–5.13	95
密度误差/ (%)	0.29	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.22	30
	–0.16	–0.21	–0.21	–0.20	–0.19	70
	–0.40	–0.28	–0.25	–0.31	–0.38	85
	–0.42	5.51	3.00	0.28	–1.42	95
纬向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	–0.01	–1.14	–1.14	–1.13	–1.12	70
	–0.03	–8.86	–8.91	–8.98	–9.07	85
	–0.10	–28.98	–29.77	–30.96	–32.40	95
经向风误差/ (m·s^–1)	0.00	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01	30
	–0.02	–0.13	–0.13	–0.13	–0.12	70
	–0.07	–0.91	–0.90	–0.89	–0.88	85
	–0.12	–5.65	–5.53	–5.36	–5.13	95

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