An Ionospheric Space Weather Data Assimilation System over China based on Meridian Project GNSS Measurements
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摘要: 国家重大科技基础设施子午工程二期的建成和通过国家验收,标志着我国空间环境地基监测能力跃居世界领先,其电离层组网探测能力显著提升,为电离层空间天气研究和业务应用提供了有力支撑。本研究基于子午工程GNSS观测,构建了中国电离层空间天气新一代同化系统。该系统依托子午工程及国际GNSS服务组织等85个稳定运行的观测台站,融合GPS、GLONASS、北斗、伽利略四大GNSS系统的多模观测数据作为驱动,采用三维变分同化方法,可生成覆盖中国及周边区域(15o-55oN,70o-140oE)、以电离层总电子含量(TEC)为代表的高精度空间天气业务化地图产品,有效提升了对中国区域电离层扰动特征的精细化重构能力。该同化系统可以提供网格点TEC、差分TEC、ROTI变化率指数等多种电离层空间天气产品,时空分辨率高达1o×1o×15分钟,并在中国科学院国家空间科学中心——空间环境预报中心网站(http://www.sepc.ac.cn/TEC_chn.php)进行每日常规更新。该同化系统不仅可用于对中国及周边区域电离层空间环境的精细化监测,也为精准分析电离层空间天气多尺度变化及深入探究不规则体扰动特性和机理提供了重要支撑,同时还为卫星导航、雷达成像、短波通信、空间环境现报等工程和应用领域提供了相对及时、准确、有效的电离层误差修正与空间天气变化信息。Abstract: The successful deployment and national acceptance of the second phase of the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP), a major national scientific and technological infrastructure, signify a substantial leap forward in China’s space environment monitoring capabilities. In particular, CMP’s ionospheric monitoring network has greatly strengthened both research and operational capabilities in ionospheric space weather. This study presents a new-generation ionospheric space weather data assimilation system for China and adjacent regions, based on GNSS observations from the CMP. Leveraging stable and robust data from 85 GNSS stations from CMP and the International GNSS Service, the system integrates multi-constellation GNSS measurements from GPS, GLONASS, Beidou, and Galileo as input and employs a three-dimensional variational assimilation approach. It generates high-precision and operational ionospheric space weather products, represented by ionospheric TEC, covering China and adjacent regions (15o-55oN,70o-140oE), which significantly improves the ability to reconstruct and characterize ionospheric disturbances over China. This data assimilation system can provide diverse ionospheric space weather products, including gridded TEC, delta TEC, and the Rate of TEC Change Index (ROTI), with a high spatial-temporal resolution of 1°×1° and 15 minutes. These ionospheric products are routinely updated and publicly available via the website of Space Environment Prediction Center (http://www.sepc.ac.cn/TEC_chn.php) at the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beyond enabling high-fidelity monitoring of the ionospheric space environment over China and adjacent regions, this system also supports in-depth investigation of multi-scale ionospheric variations and irregularity characteristics. In addition, it delivers timely, accurate, and effective ionospheric error correction and space weather information for satellite navigation, radar imaging, shortwave communication, and space weather nowcasting.
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Key words:
- Ionospheric TEC /
- Meridian Project /
- Data Assimilation /
- Space Weather /
- China and adjacent Regions
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