卫星观测台风重力波数值模拟与直接对比验证

姚志刚; 洪军; 韩志刚; 赵增亮

doi:10.11728/cjss2018.02.188

卫星观测台风重力波数值模拟与直接对比验证

doi: 10.11728/cjss2018.02.188

1. 北京应用气象研究所北京 100029;
2. 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京 100029;
3. 陆军工程大学野战工程学院南京 211101

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（NSFC41575031），中国博士后基金项目（2015M580124），部级重点课题项目（QX2015040311A12005）和国家重大专项课题项目（GFZX04021201）共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:
姚志刚,E-mail:yzg biam@163.com

中图分类号: P403
计量
- 文章访问数: 1148
- HTML全文浏览量: 41
- PDF下载量: 855
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-01-08
- 修回日期: 2017-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2018-03-15

Numerical Simulation of Typhoon-generated Gravity Waves Observed by Satellite and its Direct Validationormalsize

1. Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029;
2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;
3. College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 211101

摘要

摘要: 以ECMWF的T799资料作为WRF-ARW（V3.5）初始场，对卫星高光谱红外大气垂直探测器AIRS观测的2013年超强台风苏力激发平流层重力波过程进行数值模拟，并利用卫星观测对数值模拟结果进行了直接对比验证.数值模拟表明，该台风诱发的重力波在20~40km高度逆着东风背景流向东向上传播，在水平方向呈半圆弧状；大气的垂直扰动随着高度的增加而增强，在40km高度上达到0.5m·s^-1.基于三维傅里叶变换的波谱分析表明，平流层重力波水平波长中心值在500km附近，周期为3~5h，垂直波长主要为10~26km.分析表明，在18~40km高度的净纬向动量通量为6.7×10^-4~1.89×10^-3Pa，背景流强迫计算值为-0.23~1.21m·s^-1·d^-1，且在18km和40km高度的数值较大.最后，基于辐射传输模式计算的直接对比表明，卫星观测与数值模拟同时揭示了激发的平流层波动可传至40km以上高度及距台风中心2000km以外的区域，且不同资料得到的波动形态、方位以及水平尺度具有较好的一致性.
- 卫星观测 /
- 台风 /
- 平流层 /
- 重力波 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: To analyze the stratospheric gravity waves induced by strong convection, Typhoon Soulik is investigated by the mesoscale model WRF-ARW (3.5 Version), ECMWF and AIRS observations. The WRF model results show that strong stratospheric gravity waves are induced by Typhoon Soulik, and the background wind plays a great role in modulation of the gravity waves propagation. The wave spectrum analysis reveals that the horizontal wavelength is about 500km, the period is about 3~5h, and the vertical wavelengths are gradually stretched with height about 10~14km, 14~18km and 22~26km in the height of 20km, 30km and 40km. The momentum flux and wave drag are also analyzed. At last, the direct comparison of WRF, ECMWF and AIRS observations based on a radiative transfer model indicates that the stratospheric semicircular arc wave pattern, position and horizontal scale agree well. But there are also some differences among these data. The AIRS can detect more details than WRF and ECMWF data. The order of wave intensity is AIRS, WRF and ECMWF.
- Satellite observation /
- Typhoon /
- Stratosphere /
- Gravity wave /
- Numerical simulation

HTML全文

参考文献(50)

[1]	FRITTS D C, ALEXANDER M J. Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere[J]. Rev. Geophys., 2003, 41(1):1003
[2]	YUE Jia, HOFFMANN L, ALEXANDER M J. Simultaneous observations of convective gravity waves from a ground-based airglow imager and the AIRS satellite experiment[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2013, 118(8):3178-3191
[3]	SUZUKI S, VADAS S L, SHIOKAWA K, et al. Typhoon-induced concentric airglow structures in the mesopause region[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2013, 40(22):5983-5987
[4]	YUE Jia, MILLER S D, HOFFMANN L, et al. Stratospheric and mesospheric concentric gravity waves over tropical cyclone Mahasen:joint AIRS and VⅡRS satellite observations[J]. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 2014, 119:83-90
[5]	XU Jiyao, LI Qinzeng, YUE Jia, et al. Concentric gravity waves over northern China observed by an airglow imager network and satellites[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2015, 120(21):11058-11078
[6]	TSUTSUI M, OGAWA T. HF Doppler observation of ionospheric effects due to typhoons[J]. Rep. Ionosph. Space Res. Jpn., 1973, 27:121-123
[7]	LIU Yimou, WANG Jingsong, SUO Yicheng. Effects of typhoon on the ionosphere[J]. Adv. Geosci., 2006, 2:351-360
[8]	MAO Tian, WANG Jinsong, YANG Guanglin, et al. Effects of typhoon Matsaon ionospheric TEC[J]. Chin. Sci. Bull., 2010, 55(8):712-717(毛田, 王劲松, 杨光林, 等. 台风"麦莎"对电离层TEC的影响[J]. 科学通报, 2009, 54(24):3858-3863)
[9]	YU Tao, WANG Yungang, MAO Tian, et al. A case study of the variation of ionospheric parameter during typhoons at Xiamen[J]. Acta Meteor. Sin., 2010, 68(4):569-576(余涛, 王云冈, 毛田, 等. 台风期间厦门电离层变化的一次特例分析[J]. 气象学报, 2010, 68(4):569-576)
[10]	SHUAI Jing, ZHANG Shaodong, HUANG Chunming, et al. Climatology of global gravity wave activity and dissipation revealed by SABER/TIMED temperature observations[J]. Sci. China Tech., 2014, 57(5):998-1009
[11]	HERNÁNDEZ-PAJARES M, JUAN J M, SANZ J. Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances affecting GPS measurements:spatial and temporal analysis[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2006, 111(A7):A07S11
[12]	HUNGR J, TSAO Y D, LIU J M, et al. Lower thermospheric density fluctuations during the time period of Typhoon Dinah[C]//27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reno, NV, USA:AIAA, 1989:10
[13]	MING F C, IBRAHIM C, BARTHE C, et al. Observation and a numerical study of gravity waves during tropical cyclone Ivan (2008)[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2014, 14(2):641-658
[14]	KIM S Y, CHUN H Y, BAIK J J. A numerical study of gravity waves induced by convection associated with Typhoon Rusa[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2005, 32(24):L24816. DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024662
[15]	KIM S Y, CHUN H Y, WU D L. A study on stratospheric gravity waves generated by Typhoon Ewiniar:numerical simulations and satellite observations[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2009, 114(D22):D22104. DOI: 10.1029/2009JD011971
[16]	CHEN Dan, CHEN Zeyu Y, LÜ Daren. Simulation of the stratospheric gravity waves generated by the Typhoon Matsa in 2005[J]. Sci. China Earth Sci., 2012, 55(4):602-610. DOI:10.1007/s11430-011-4303-1(陈丹, 陈泽宇, 吕达仁. 台风"麦莎" (Matsa)诱发平流层重力波的数值模拟[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2011, 41(12):1786-1794)
[17]	CHEN Dan, CHEN Zeyu, LÜ Daren. Spatiotemporal spectrum and momentum flux of the stratospheric gravity waves generated by a typhoon[J]. Sci. China Earth Sci., 2013, 56(1):54-62. DOI:10.1007/s11430-012-4502-4(陈丹, 陈泽宇, 吕达仁. 台风重力波的谱结构和动量通量特征分析[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2013, 43(5):874-882)
[18]	ALEXANDER M J, HOLTON J R. On the spectrum of vertically propagating gravity waves generated by a transient heat source[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis., 2004, 4(1):1063-1090
[19]	ALEXANDER M J, TEITELBAUM H. Three-dimensional properties of Andes mountain waves observed by satellite:a case study[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116(D23):D23110. DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016151
[20]	GONG J, WU D L, ECKERMANN S D. Gravity wave variances and propagation derived from AIRS radiances[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2012, 12(4):1701-1720
[21]	GONG Jie, YUE Jia, WU D L. Global survey of concentric gravity waves in AIRS images and ECMWF analysis[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2015, 120(6):2210-2228
[22]	YAO Zengliang, ZHAO Zengliang, HAN Zhigang. Stratospheric gravity waves during summer over East Asia derived from AIRS observations[J]. Chin. J. Geophys., 2015, 58(4):1121-1134(姚志刚, 赵增亮, 韩志刚. AIRS观测的东亚夏季平流层重力波特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58(4):1121-1134)
[23]	HONG Jun, YAO Zhigang, HAN Zhigang, et al. Numerical simulations and AIRS observations of stratospheric gravity waves induced by the Typhoon Muifa[J]. Chin. J. Geophys., 2015, 58(7):2283-2293(洪军, 姚志刚, 韩志刚, 等. 台风"梅花"诱发平流层重力波的数值模拟与AIRS观测[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58(7):2283-2293)
[24]	ZHENG Chongwei, ZHOU Lin, SONG Shuai, et al. Simulation of the wave field caused by 1307 typhoon "Soulik"[J]. J. Xiamen Univ.:Nat. Sci., 2014, 53(2):257-262
[25]	LANE T P, KNIEVEL J C. Some effects of model resolution on simulated gravity waves generated by deep, mesoscale convection[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2005, 62(9):3408-3419
[26]	UNTCH A, MILLER M, HORTAL M, et al. Towards a global meso-scale model:the high-resolution system T799L91 and T399L62EPS[R]. Newsl. 108. Eur. Cent. for Medium-Range Weather Forecast. Reading, UK, 2006:6-13
[27]	PLOUGONVEN R, TEITELBAUM H. Comparison of a large-scale inertia-gravity wave as seen in the ECMWF analyses and from radiosondes[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, 30(18):1954. DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017716
[28]	ALEXANDER M J, TEITELBAUM H. Observation and analysis of a large amplitude mountain wave event over the Antarctic peninsula[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2007, 112(D21):D21103. DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008368
[29]	MLAWER E J, TAUBMAN S J, BROWN P D, et al. Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres:RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 1997, 102(D14):16663-16682
[30]	DUDHIA J. Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 1989, 46(20):3077-3107
[31]	KAIN J S. The Kain Fritsch convective parameterization:an update[J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 2004, 43(1):170-181
[32]	HONG Songyou, NOHY, DUDHIA J. A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes[J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 2006, 134(9):2318-2341
[33]	ANDREWS D G, HOLTON J R, LEOVY C B. Middle Atmosphere Dynamics[M]. Orlando:Academic Press, 1987:189
[34]	LIU Xiao, XU Jiyao. Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds[J]. Prog. Nat. Sci., 2007, 17(6):639-644
[35]	SONG I S, CHUN H Y. Momentum flux spectrum of convectively forced internal gravity waves and its application to gravity wave drag parameterization. I:theory[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2005, 62(1):107-124
[36]	BERES J H, ALEXANDER M J, HOLTON J R. Effects of tropospheric wind shear on the spectrum of convectively generated gravity waves[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2002, 59(11):1805-1824
[37]	KIM S Y, CHUN H Y. Stratospheric gravity waves generated by Typhoon Saomai (2006):numerical modeling in a moving frame following the typhoon[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2010, 67(11):3617-3636
[38]	DEMARIA M. The effect of vertical shear on tropical cyclone intensity change[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 1996, 53(14):2076-2087
[39]	GALLINA G M, VELDEN C S. Environmental vertical wind shear and tropical cyclone intensity change utilizing enhanced satellite derived wind information[C]//Preprints of the 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. San Diego, CA:American Meteorological Society, 2002:172-173
[40]	KIM S Y, CHUN H Y. Effects of a convectively forced gravity wave drag parameterization on a mesoscale convective system simulated by a mesoscale model (MM5)[J]. J. Korean Meteor. Soc., 2007, 43(2):111-131
[41]	ZOU Xiaolei, WENG Fuzhong, TALLAPRAGADA V, et al. Satellite data assimilation of upper-level sounding channels in HWRF with two different model tops[J]. J. Meteor. Res., 2015, 29(1):1-27
[42]	WU D L, PREUSSE P, ECKERMANN S D, et al. Remote sounding of at mospheric gravity waves with satellite limb and nadir techniques[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2006, 37(12):2269-2277
[43]	AUMANN H H, CHAHINE M T, GAUTIER C, et al. AIRS/AMSU/HSB on the Aqua Mission:design, science objectives, data products, and processing systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2003, 41(2):253-264
[44]	CHAHINE M T, PAGANO T S, AUMANN H H, et al. AIRS:improving weather forecasting and providing new data on greenhouse gases[J]. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 2006, 87(7):911-926
[45]	HOFFMANN L, ALEXANDER M J. Occurrence frequency of convective gravity waves during the North American thunderstorm season[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2010, 115(D20):D20111. DOI: 10.1029/2010JD014401
[46]	WU D L. Mesoscale gravity wave variances from AMSU-A radiances[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2004, 31(12):L12114
[47]	LINDZEN R S. Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 1981, 86(C10):9707-9714
[48]	MINGF C, CHEN Z, ROUX F. Analysis of gravity-waves produced by intense tropical cyclones[J]. Ann. Geophys., 2010, 28(2):531-547
[49]	SCHROEDER S, PREUSSE P, ERN M, et al. Gravity waves resolved in ECMWF and measured by SABER[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, 36(10):L10805. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL037054
[50]	LANE T P, SHARMAN R D, CLARK T L, et al. An investigation of turbulence generation mechanisms above deep convection[J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2003, 60(10):1297-1321