Automatic Recognition of Solar Active Regions Based on Real-time SDO/HMI Full Disk Magnetograms
-
摘要: 太阳活动区是太阳活动的主要发生源区,活动区的形态、结构、特征是预报太阳爆发的主要依据.因此,活动区的识别是实现太阳爆发预报的前提.SDO/HMI能够提供连续、高时空精度的全日面光球观测图像.参照文献[1]SOHO/MDI综合磁图中活动区的自动识别方法,利用实时可得的HMI全日面磁图,通过阈值法、数学形态法和区域增长法相结合的方式,开展了活动区的快速自动识别研究.将2010—2018年的自动识别结果与NOAA/SWPC每日发布的活动区结果进行比较发现:通过磁图自动识别的活动区数目与SWPC活动区数目整体变化趋势基本一致,两者的相关系数为0.87;从活动区整体标识的数目上来看,通过磁图自动识别的活动区数目少于SWPC发布的结果.未被自动标识的活动区主要为面积小、磁场弱且磁类型简单的活动区,引发太阳爆发的可能性极小,因此不会对太阳爆发的实际预报产生影响.本文的研究方法和结果能够为太阳活动预报提供实时的活动区数据,加速太阳爆发预报模型的实际应用.Abstract: Solar Active Regions (ARs) are sources of solar powerful eruptions. The characteristics of ARs are important factors for forecasting solar flares. The Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) is one of the key observations to derive physical properties and to develop solar eruption prediction models. Based on the real-time HMI full disk image, by referring to the computational method developed by Ref.[1] which involves intensity thresholding, morphological analysis and region growing. By comparing our results against those results from Solar Region Summary compiled by NOAA/SWPC during the time interval 2010—2018, it is found that the daily numbers of ARs recognized are in good agreement with the SWPC AR numbers, and their corresponding correlation coefficient is 0.87. On the whole, the total number of ARs recognized is less than the corresponding SWPC AR number. Most of the undetected regions are of small areas, weak magnetic fields and simple magnetic type, which can hardly produce any powerful eruptions. Hence, this study can provide real time data of ARs for forecasting of solar eruptions.
-
Key words:
- Solar eruption /
- Active region /
- Automatic recognition /
- Real-time
-
[1] ZHANG J, WANG Y M, LIU Y. Statistical properties of solar active regions obtained from an automatic detection system and the computational biases[J]. Astrophys. J., 2010, 723:1006-1018 [2] MCINTOSH P. The classification of sunspot groups[J]. Solar Phys., 1990, 125:251-267 [3] ATAC T. Statistical relationship between sunspots and major flares[J]. Astrophys. Space Sci., 1987, 129:203-208 [4] WANG H. Evolution of vector magnetic fields and the August 271990 X-3 flare[J]. Solar Phys., 1992, 140:85-98 [5] WANG T J, XU A, ZHANG H Q. Evolution of vector magnetic fields and vertical currents and their relationship with solar flares in AR 5747[J]. Solar Phys., 1994, 155:99-122 [6] WANG J, SHI Z, WANG H, et al. Flares and the magnetic nonpotentiality[J]. Astrophys. J., 1996, 456:861-878 [7] BAO S D, ZHANG H Q, AI G X, et al. A survey of flares and current helicity in active regions[J]. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 1999, 139(2):311-320 [8] ZHANG H Q. Electric current and magnetic shear in solar active regions[J]. Astrophys. J., 2001, 557(1):L71-L74 [9] CUI Y, LI R, ZHANG L, et al. Correlation between solar flare productivity and photospheric magnetic field properties[J]. Solar Phys., 2006, 237(1):45-59 [10] LEKA K D, BARNES G. Photospheric magnetic field properties of flaring versus flare-quiet active regions. I. Data general approach and sample results[J]. Astrophys. J., 2003, 595:1277-1295 [11] LEKA K D, BARNES G. Photospheric magnetic field properties of flaring versus flare-quiet active regions. I!I. Discriminant analysis[J]. Astophys.J., 2003, 595:1296-1306 [12] CUI Yanmei, WANG Haimin, XU Yan, et al. Statistical study of magnetic topology for eruptive and confined solar flares[J]. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 2018, 123(3):1704-1714 [13] QAHWAJI R, COLAK T. Automatic short-term solar flare prediction using machine learning and sunspot associations[J]. Solar Phys., 2007, 241:195-211 [14] NÚÑEZ M, FIDALGO R, BAENA M, et al. The influence of active region information on the prediction of solar flares: an empirical model using data mining[J]. Ann. Geophys., 2005, 23(9):3129-3138 [15] SONG H, TAN C, JING J, et al. Statistical assessment of photospheric magnetic features in imminent solar flare predictions[J]. Solar Phys., 2008, 254(1):101-125 [16] YUAN Y, SHIH F Y, JING J, et al. Automated flare forecasting using a statistical learning technique[J]. Res. Astron. Astrophys., 2010, 10(8):785-796 [17] AHMED O W, QAHWAJI R, COLAK T, et al. Solar flare prediction using advanced feature extraction, machine learning, and feature selection[J]. Solar Phys., 2013, 283(1):157-175 [18] LI R, HE H, CUI Y M, et al. Support vector machine combined with K-nearest neighbors for solar flare forecast[J]. Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys., 2007, 7(3):441-447 [19] LI R, WANG H N, HUANG X, et al. Solar flare forecasting using learning vector quantity and unsupervised clustering techniques[J]. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 2011, 54(8):1546-1552 [20] WANG H N, CUI Y M, LI R, et al. Solar flare forecasting model supported with artificial neural network techniques[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2007, 42(9):1464-1468 [21] YU D R, HUANG X, WANG H N, et al. Short-term solar flare prediction using a sequential supervised learning method[J]. Solar Phys., 2009, 255(1):91-105 [22] HUANG X, YU D, HU Q, et al. Short-term solar flare prediction using predictor teams[J]. Solar Phys., 2010, 263:175-184 [23] HUANG X, WANG H N. Solar flare prediction using highly stressed longitudinal magnetic field parameters[J]. Res. Astron. Astrophys., 2013, 13:351-358 [24] ZHARKOVA V V, ABOUDARHAM J, ZHARKOV S, et al. Solar feature catalogues in egso[J]. Solar Phys., 2005, 228:361-375 [25] CURTO J J, BLANCA M, MARTINEZ E. Automatic sunspots detection on full-disk solar images using mathematical morphology[J]. Solar Phys., 2008, 250(2):411-429 [26] DJAFER D, IRBAH A, MEFTAH M. Identification of sunspots on full-disk solar images using wavelet analysis[J]. Solar Phys., 2012, 281(2):863-875 [27] COLAK T, QAHWAJI R. Automated mcintosh-based classification of sunspot groups using MDI images[J]. Solar Phys., 2008, 248(2):277-296 [28] SCHERRER P H, SCHOU J, BUSH R I, et al. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) investigation for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Phys., 2012, 275:207-227 [29] BOBRA M G, COUVIDAT S. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) vector magnetic field pipeline: SHARPs-Space-Weather HMI active region patches[J]. Solar Phys., 2014, 289:3549-3578 [30] FLORIOS K, KONTOGIANNIS I, PARK S H, et al. Forecasting solar flares using magnetogram-based predictors and machine learning[J]. Solar Phys., 2018, 293(2):28 [31] LIU C, DENG N, WANG J T, et al. Predicting solar flares using SDO/HMI vector magnetic data products and the random forest algorithm[J]. Astrophys. J., 2017, 843(2):104 [32] LIU H, LIU C, WANG J T, et al. Predicting solar flares using a long short-term memory network[J]. Astrophys. J., 2019, 877:121 [33] NISHIZUKA N, SUGIURA K, KUBO Y, et al. Deep Flare Net (DeFN) model for solar flare prediction[J]. Astrophys. J., 2018, 858(2):113 [34] HUANG X, WANG H, XU L, et al. Deep learning based solar flare forecasting model. I. results for line-of-sight magnetograms[J]. Astrophys. J., 2018, 856(7):11 [35] FANG Y H, CUI Y M, AO X Z. Deep learning for automatic recognition of magnetic type in sunspot groups[J]. Adv. Astron., 2019, 123:1-10 [36] LI L, CUI Y M, LEI L, et al. Automatic detection of sunspots and extraction of sunspot characteristic parameters[J]. Chin. J. Space Sci., 2020, 40(3):315-322(李泠, 崔延美, 雷蕾, 等. 太阳黑子自动识别与特征参量自动提取的研究[J]. 空间科学学报, 2020, 40(3):315-322)
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 425
- HTML全文浏览量: 32
- PDF下载量: 47
- 被引次数: 0