Analysis of Beidou Radio Occultation Data from FY-3D Satellite
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摘要: 利用2018年1－3月FY-3D卫星的掩星折射率数据，研究了北斗导航卫星系统的掩星分布特点、数据精度以及误差统计特征。北斗导航卫星系统同步静止轨道掩星沿卫星轨道呈弧状分布在南北两极地区，倾斜轨道掩星在东西半球低纬度地区分别形成一小一大两个空洞，中地球轨道掩星则全球均匀分布。北斗掩星折射率数据精度在探测核心区域，即12~32 km范围内，与ERA5再分析资料计算的折射率相比，平均偏差的标准差约为1.5%，在核心区外，标准差从1.5%逐渐增大到6%。静止轨道掩星的平均偏差在高层略大于倾斜轨道和中地球轨道掩星。下降掩星在20 km以上区域的标准差大于上升掩星，20 km以下区域小于上升掩星。高纬地区北斗掩星标准差最小，低纬地区最大，对流层中下层尤其明显。分析结果表明，北斗掩星的数据精度和误差特征与GPS掩星数据相似。Abstract: Based on the Beidou radio occultation refractivity data of FY-3D satellite from January to March in 2018, the distribution characteristics of Beidou occultation, data accuracy and statistical characteristics of errors are studied. The Beidou Geostationary Orbit (GEO) occultation is distributed arc-shaped along the satellite orbit in the northern and southern polar regions, the Inclined Geo-Synchronous Orbit (IGSO) occultation forms one large and one small cavity respectively in the low latitude areas of the eastern and western hemispheres to form two cavities, and the Middle-Earth Orbit (MEO) occultation is distributed uniformly around the world. The accuracy of the Beidou occultion refractivity is within the range of 12~32 km in the core area. Compared with the ERA5 reanalysis data, the standard deviation of the average deviation is about 1.5%. In the range of height below 12 km and above 35 km, the standard deviation gradually increases from 1.5% to 6%. The deviation of GEO occultation over 35 km is slightly larger than that of IGSO and MEO occultation, but the standard deviation is smaller than that of these two types of occultation. The standard deviation of the descending occultation above 20 km is higher than that of the ascending occultation, but the area below 20 km is less than that of the ascending occultation. The standard deviation of the Beidou occultation is the smallest in high latitudes, followed by that in low latitudes and the largest in middle latitudes, especially in the middle and lower troposphere. The accuracy and error characteristics of the Beidou radio occultation data are consistent with the GPS radio occultation data, indicating that the Earth atmosphere occultation detection does not depend on the satellite navigation system.
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图 1 2018年1月1日至3月31日期间FY-3D卫星北斗掩星事件的水平分布（蓝点为静止轨道掩星，红点为倾斜轨道掩星，绿点为中地球轨道掩星）
Figure 1. Horizontal distribution of Beidou RO events in FY-3D satellite from 1 January to 31 March in 2018 (Blue dots respresent GEO RO, red dots represent IGSO RO, and green dots represent MEO RO)
图 3 FY-3D的北斗掩星探测到的平均最低高度
Figure 3. Average minimum altitude detected by FY-3D’s Beidou occultation
图 4 质量控制前（红色）/后（黑色）的折射率数据
Figure 4. Refractivity before (red) and after (black) quality control
图 5 观测总数（黑实线）以及折射率观测与ERA5再分析资料计算的折射率平均偏差（红虚线）和标准差（红实线）。O表示观测折射率，B表示ERA5计算的折射率
Figure 5. Mean bias (red dashed line) and standard deviation (red solid line) of refractivity compared with ERA5 reanalysis, and the number (black solid line). O stands for observation refractivity, and B stands for the refractivity based on ERA5 reanalysis
图 6 GEO、IGSO和MEO掩星与ERA5再分析资料计算的折射率的平均偏差（虚线）和标准差（实线）
Figure 6. Mean bias (dashed line) and standard deviation (solid line) of GEO，IGSO and MEO refractivity compared with ERA5 reanalysis
图 7 上升掩星和下降掩星与ERA5再分析资料计算的折射率的平均偏差（虚线）和标准差（实线）
Figure 7. Mean bias (dashed line) and standard deviation (solid line) of rising and setting refractivity compared with ERA5 reanalysis for GEO, IGSO and MEO, respectively
图 8 不同区域的掩星观测与ERA5计算折射率的平均偏差（虚线）和标准差（实线）（a）以及掩星数量（b）
Figure 8. Mean bias (dashed line) and standard deviation (solid line) (a) of RO refractivity compared with ERA5 reanalysis and RO number (b) in low, middle and high latitudes, respectively
表 1 不同轨道的GNOS北斗掩星数量和占比
Table 1. Number and proportion of GNOS Beidou RO in different orbits
轨道类型 全球 东半球 西半球 GEO IGSO MEO GEO IGSO MEO GEO IGSO MEO 掩星数量 4038 5292 3768 3412 3591 2224 626 1701 1544 占比/（%） 31 40 29 26 27 17 5 13 12 
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