微型微焦斑X射线闭管及阴极丝电子发射差异性

李帆; 曹阳; 牟欢; 刘亚宁; 李海涛; 李保权

doi:10.11728/cjss2023.01.211124122

微型微焦斑X射线闭管及阴极丝电子发射差异性

doi: 10.11728/cjss2023.01.211124122

李帆^{1, 2,},
曹阳¹,
牟欢¹,
刘亚宁¹,
李海涛¹,
李保权^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院国家空间科学中心　北京　100190
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017 YFB0503300），国家自然科学基金项目（41604152，U1938111）和中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（2018178）共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:
李帆：E-mail：lifan_24@163.com

中图分类号: TL929
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- 文章访问数: 190
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-24
- 录用日期: 2022-04-15
- 修回日期: 2022-05-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-03

Miniature Micro-focal X-ray Closed Tube and Electron Emission Difference of Cathode Wire

LI Fan^{1, 2
,},
CAO Yang¹,
MOU Huan¹,
LIU Yaning¹,
LI Haitao¹,
LI Baoquan^{1, 2}

1.
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

摘要

摘要: 行星岩石成分原位测量是行星探测的基本需求，X射线荧光分析是开展元素成分测量的重要技术手段。针对深空探测X射线荧光分析仪的需要，设计并研制了一款微型微焦斑X射线闭管，尺寸为Φ15 mm × 22 mm，焦斑尺寸230 μm，工作时阳极接地，阴极接浮地负高压，最大电压为–50 kV。在微型X射线闭管研制过程中，开展了螺旋型钨丝、直线型钨丝、直线型铼钨丝等常用热阴极的电子发射差异性研究，测量了各型热阴极的电子发射效率。结果显示，在200 V阳极电压下，低铼含量直线型铼钨丝电子发射效率最大为27.87 μA·W^–1，是螺旋型钨丝的4倍，直线型钨丝的9倍；掺铼钨丝电子发射效率远高于纯钨型阴极丝。此外，铼钨丝还具有电子发射快、预热要求低、对真空度要求不高等特点，是深空探测X射线闭管阴极丝较理想的选择。
- 微型X射线闭管 /
- X射线荧光分析 /
- 微焦斑 /
- 阴极丝 /
- 电子发射效率
Abstract: In-situ measurement of planetary rock composition is the basic requirement of planetary exploration, and X-ray fluorescence analysis is an important technical means to carry out elemental composition measurement. In order to meet the needs of X-ray fluorescence analyzer for deep space detection, a miniature X-ray closed tube with micro-focal spot is designed and developed. It size is Φ15 mm×22 mm, and the focal spot size is 230 μm. The anode is grounded in operation, and the cathode is connected to the floating negative high voltage with the maximum voltage of –50 kV. In this paper, the differences of electron emission of common hot cathodes such as spiral tungsten, linear tungsten and linear rhenium tungsten hot cathodes, are studied in detail, and the electron emission efficiency of each hot cathode is measured. The test results show that the maximum electron emission efficiency of linear rhenium tungsten wire is 27.87 μA·W^–1 at 200 V anode voltage, which is 4 times that of spiral tungsten wire and 9 times that of linear tungsten wire. In addition, rhenium tungsten wire has the characteristics of fast electron emission, low preheating requirement and low vacuum requirement, so it is an ideal choice for X-ray closed tube cathode wire for deep space exploration.
- Micro X-ray closed tube /
- X-ray fluorescence analysis /
- Micro focal spot /
- Cathode filament /
- Electron emission efficiency

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图 1 X射线管一体化阴极光学结构

Figure 1. Integrated cathode optical structure of X-ray tube

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图 2 微型X射线管阴极热电子塑形部分

Figure 2. Thermoelectronic forming part of cathode of miniature X-ray tube

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图 3 阴极测试结构

Figure 3. Cathode test structure

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图 4 实验测试电路

Figure 4. Experimental test circuit

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图 5 三种阴极丝发射效率对比

Figure 5. Comparison of emission efficiency of three kinds of filament

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图 6 三种阴极丝实验数据

Figure 6. Experimental data for three kind of filaments

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图 7 两次直线型铼钨丝实验发射效率比较

Figure 7. Comparison of emission efficiency between two linear rhenium tungsten wire experiments

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表 1 测试阴极丝物理参数

Table 1. Test physical parameters of cathode wire

序号	类型	钨丝直径/μm	钨丝长度/mm	备注
1	螺旋型钨丝	30	4	螺旋直径150 μm，螺旋圈数20圈
2	直线型钨丝	25	4	－
3	直线型铼钨丝	12	4	铼含量3%

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表 2 三种阴极丝的实验数据

Table 2. Experimental data of three kinds of filament

螺旋型钨丝			直线型钨丝			直线型铼钨丝
阴极丝功率/W	电子电流 /μA	发射效率 /(μA·W ^–1)	阴极丝功率/W	电子电流 /μA	发射效率 /(μA·W ^–1)	阴极丝功率/W	电子电流 /μA	发射效率 /(μA·W ^–1)
0.25	0.1	0.39	0.26	0.1	0.38	0.08	1.0	12.02
0.31	0.6	1.95	0.28	0.2	0.72	0.10	1.1	11.51
0.36	1.2	3.33	0.30	0.2	0.67	0.11	2.5	21.75
0.43	1.8	4.20	0.32	0.3	0.95	0.12	2.3	18.44
0.50	2.3	4.64	0.36	0.6	1.68	0.13	2.9	21.50
0.58	2.9	5.01	0.40	0.9	2.27	0.14	3.3	23.10
0.67	3.6	5.37	0.44	1.1	2.49	0.15	3.6	23.92
0.76	4.4	5.76	0.49	1.3	2.65	0.16	4.0	25.10
0.88	5.2	5.88	0.54	1.5	2.78	0.17	4.3	25.66
1.00	6.0	5.99	0.59	1.8	3.07	0.18	5.1	27.87
1.15	7.3	6.34	0.64	1.9	2.97	0.19	5.2	27.06
1.32	9.0	6.81	0.69	2.0	2.89	0.20	4.9	24.05
1.45	9.5	6.55	0.74	2.0	2.70	0.21	5.0	23.43
1.60	10.6	6.61	0.79	2.2	2.78	0.22	5.1	22.78
1.78	11.8	6.63				0.24	5.4	22.72
1.96	11.2	5.72				0.26	6.3	24.56
2.02	11.6	5.75				0.28	9.3	33.74
2.09	11.9	5.71
2.13	12.1	5.69
2.21	12.5	5.67
2.28	12.0	5.27
2.32	12.3	5.29

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