Responses of the Middle and Upper Atmospheric Wind to Geomagnetic Activities
-
摘要: 统计研究漠河、北京、武汉流星雷达观测到的2012-2018年80~100 km高度的风场数据,比较在地磁平静期($ Kp\le 2 $)和地磁扰动期($ Kp\ge 4 $)的日平均风场数据,得到在地磁活动期风场的变化特征。研究结果表明,在地磁扰动时风场变化具有季节差异和纬度差异。地磁扰动期间,纬向风在较高纬度地区倾向于中间层西风增强,低热层东风增强,纬度较低地区倾向于东风增强。春季,地磁活动对纬向风的影响没有纬度差异,在夏冬季随着纬度的降低中间层东风增强明显。地磁活动对经向风的影响具有季节差异,对春冬季节的影响强于夏秋季节。研究表明,地磁活动对纬向风的影响可达9 m·s–1左右,对经向风的影响可达5 m·s–1左右。地磁活动对中性大气风场的影响可达80 km。Abstract: Responses of the middle and upper atmospheric (80~100 km height) wind to geomagnetic activities have been investigated using neutral wind data from 2012 to 2018 years, which were observed by Mohe, Beijing and Wuhan Meteor radars. Daily averaged wind data for geomagnetic quiet condition ($ Kp\le 2 $) and geomagnetic disturb condition ($ Kp\ge 4 $) were chosen for comparison, and the variation characteristics of wind during geomagnetic disturbances were obtained. The observations show that the influence of geomagnetic activity on zonal wind varied with seasons and latitudes. For zonal wind, the effect of geomagnetic activity at higher latitudes tended to be more westerly wind in the upper mesosphere and more easterly wind in the lower thermosphere; while for the lower latitudes, it tended to be more easterly wind. In spring, the three stations had similar tendencies, and had no latitude differences. But the easterly wind in the middle atmosphere became stronger with the decrease of latitude in summer/winter. The effect of geomagnetic activities on the meridional wind had seasonal differences. The influence of geomagnetic activities in spring and winter was stronger than that in summer and autumn. According to the calculation results, the influence on zonal wind can be up to about 9 m·s–1, and on meridional wind can be up to about 5 m·s–1. The impact of geomagnetic activities on MLT wind can penetrate down to about 80 km.
-
Key words:
- Middle and upper atmospheric wind /
- Geomagnetic activity /
- Middle latitude
-
表 1 流星雷达的主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of meteor radar
Meteor radar Mohe Beijing Wuhan Latitude/(°)N 53.5 40.3 30.5 Longitude/(°)E 122.3 116.2 114.2 Magnetic latitude/(°)N 48.3 34.9 24.8 Frequency/MHz 38.9 38.9 38.9 Peak power/kW 20 7.5 20 Height range/km 70~110 70~110 70~110 Height resolution/km 2 2 2 Time resolution/h 1 1 1 -
[1] KNIPP D J, TOBISKA W K, EMERY B A. Direct and indirect thermospheric heating sources for solar cycles 21-23[J]. Solar Physics, 2004, 224(1/2): 495-505 [2] BANKS P M. Joule heating in the high-latitude mesosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics, 1979, 84(A11): 6709-6712 doi: 10.1029/JA084iA11p06709 [3] REES M H, EMERY B A, ROBLE R G, et al. Neutral and ion gas heating by auroral electron precipitation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1983, 88(A8): 6289-6300 doi: 10.1029/JA088iA08p06289 [4] ROBLE R G, EMERY B A, KILLEEN T L, et al. Joule heating in the mesosphere and thermosphere during the July 13, 1982, solar proton event[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1987, 92(A6): 6083-6090 doi: 10.1029/JA092iA06p06083 [5] SEPPÄLÄ A, CLILVERD M A, BEHARRELL M J, et al. Substorm-induced energetic electron precipitation: impact on atmospheric chemistry[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2015, 42(19): 8172-8176 doi: 10.1002/2015GL065523 [6] PANCHEVA D, SINGER W, MUKHTAROV P. Regional response of the mesosphere–lower thermosphere dynamics over Scandinavia to solar proton events and geomagnetic storms in late October 2003[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(9): 1075-1094 doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.04.005 [7] THAYER J P, SEMETER J. The convergence of magnetospheric energy flux in the polar atmosphere[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2004, 66(10): 807-824 doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.035 [8] JEE G, BURNS A G, WANG W, et al. Driving the TING model with GAIM electron densities: ionospheric effects on the thermosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2008, 113(A3): A03305 [9] XU J Y, SMITH A K, WANG W B, et al. An observational and theoretical study of the longitudinal variation in neutral temperature induced by aurora heating in the lower thermosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2013, 118(11): 7410-7425 doi: 10.1002/2013JA019144 [10] LIU X, YUE J, WANG W B, et al. Responses of lower thermospheric temperature to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2018, 45(10): 4656-4664 doi: 10.1029/2018GL078039 [11] CHANG L C, THAYER J P, LEI J H, et al. Isolation of the global MLT thermal response to recurrent geomagnetic activity[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36(15): L15813 [12] JIANG G Y, WANG W B, XU J Y, et al. Responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to the 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of recurrent geomagnetic activity[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2014, 119(6): 4841-4859 doi: 10.1002/2013JA019406 [13] BALSLEY B B, CARTER D A, ECKLUND W L. On the relationship between auroral electrojet intensity fluctuations and the wind field near the mesopause[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1982, 9(3): 219-222 doi: 10.1029/GL009i003p00219 [14] JOHNSON R M, LUHMANN J G. High-latitude mesopause neutral winds and geomagnetic activity: a cross-correlation analysis[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1985, 90(A9): 8501-8506 doi: 10.1029/JA090iA09p08501 [15] ARNOLD N F, ROBINSON T R. Solar magnetic flux influences on the dynamics of the winter middle atmosphere[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2001, 28(12): 2381-2384 doi: 10.1029/2000GL012825 [16] SINGER W, BREMER J, HOFFMANN P, et al. Geomagnetic influences upon tides—winds from MLT radars[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1994, 56(10): 1301-1311 doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90068-X [17] YI W, REID I M, XUE X H, et al. First observations of Antarctic mesospheric tidal wind responses to recurrent geomagnetic activity[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2021, 48(4): e2020GL089957 [18] YI W, REID I M, XUE X H, et al. Response of neutral mesospheric density to geomagnetic forcing[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2017, 44(16): 8647-8655 doi: 10.1002/2017GL074813 [19] YI W, REID I M, XUE X H, et al. First observation of mesosphere response to the solar wind high-speed streams[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017, 122(8): 9080-9088 doi: 10.1002/2017JA024446 [20] HOCKING W K, FULLER B, VANDEPEER B. Real-time determination of meteor-related parameters utilizing modern digital technology[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2001, 63(2/3): 155-169 [21] STOBER G, CHAU J L, VIERINEN J, et al. Retrieving horizontally resolved wind fields using multi-static meteor radar observations[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2018, 11(8): 4891-4907 doi: 10.5194/amt-11-4891-2018 [22] LUO Y, MANSON A H, MEEK C E, et al. The quasi 16-day oscillations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W), 1980-1996[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2000, 105(D2): 2125-2138 doi: 10.1029/1999JD900979 [23] JIANG Guoying, XU Jiyao, SHI Jiankui, et al. The first observation of the atmospheric tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over Hainan, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(11): 1059-1066 doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-0084-8 [24] JACOBI C, LILIENTHAL F, KOROTYSHKIN D, et al. Influence of Geomagnetic Disturbances on Midlatitude Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere Mean Winds and Tides [EB/OL]. [2021-04-19]. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-31632021-5-6 [25] MANSON A H, MEEK C E. Winds and tidal oscillations in the upper middle atmosphere at Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W, L= 4.3) during the year June 1982–May 1983[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 1984, 32(9): 1087-1099 doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(84)90134-X [26] SCHMINDER R, KÜRSCHNER D, SINGER W, et al. Representative height-time cross-sections of the upper atmosphere wind field over Central Europe 1990-1996[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1997, 59(17): 2177-2184 doi: 10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00062-X [27] JACOBI C. 6 year mean prevailing winds and tides measured by VHF meteor radar over Collm (51.3°N, 13.0°E)[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2012, 78-79: 8-18 doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.04.010 [28] KOROTYSHKIN D, MERZLYAKOV E, JACOBI C, et al. Longitudinal MLT wind structure at higher mid-latitudes as seen by meteor radars at Central and Eastern Europe (13°E/49°E)[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2019, 63(10): 3154-3166 doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2019.01.036