夜间135.6 nm气辉反演的电离层f0F2与测高仪观测比较研究

薛仕翔; 姜春华; 马征征; 徐彬; 丁广兴; 杨国斌; 张援农; 赵正予

doi:10.11728/cjss2023.03.2022-0018

夜间135.6 nm气辉反演的电离层f₀F₂与测高仪观测比较研究

doi: 10.11728/cjss2023.03.2022-0018

薛仕翔^1,,
姜春华^1, ,,
马征征²,
徐彬²,
丁广兴³,
杨国斌¹,
张援农¹,
赵正予^{1, 4}

1.
武汉大学电子信息学院　武汉　430072
2.
中国电波传播研究所电波环境特性及模化技术重点实验室　青岛　266107
3.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所　长春　130033
4.
哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)　深圳　518055

基金项目: 中国电波传播研究所稳定支持科研经费项目（A132001 W03）和国家自然科学基金项目（42104166）共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:
薛仕翔：E-mail：wangjifannao@aliyun.com

通讯作者:
姜春华，E-mail：chuajiang@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P352
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-06
- 录用日期: 2022-06-24
- 修回日期: 2022-12-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-04

A Comparative Study between the Ionospheric f₀F₂ from Nighttime OI 135.6 nm Emission and Ionosonde Observations

1.
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
2.
National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107
3.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033
4.
Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055

摘要

摘要: 在夜间电离层，气辉135.6 nm谱线主要由F层的O⁺和电子的辐射复合过程以及O⁺和O^–的中性复合过程激发，该谱线强度和电离层峰值电子密度N_mF₂存在很强的相关性。利用夜气辉135.6 nm辐射强度与F₂层峰值电子密度N_mF₂的平方成正比的物理模型，建立了在不同经纬度、地方时、季节和太阳活动下均适用的反演算法。通过DMSP卫星上搭载的紫外光谱成像仪（SSUSI）实际观测的135.6 nm气辉辐射强度来反演相应时空的电离层F₂层临界频率f₀F₂，并将其与地基测高仪探测结果做了综合对比。结果表明，在太阳活动高年（2013年），相对误差小于等于20%的数据占比93.0%，平均相对误差约为7.08%；在太阳活动低年（2017年），相对误差小于等于20%的数据占比80.8%，平均相对误差约为12.64%。最后，对该算法在太阳活动高低年的反演精度差异进行了分析。
- OI 135.6 nm /
- 反演方法 /
- f₀F₂ /
- 电离层 /
- 测高仪
Abstract: The ionosphere is the part of the upper atmosphere which is ionized by solar radiation. There are a variety of ground-based and space-based remote sensing and in situ instruments to study the ionosphere. Recently, an effective method, called passive optical remote sensing technique, is widely used to study the ionosphere. It utilizes natural airglow (atoms and molecules frequently emit light to shed their excess energy) in the ionosphere. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the far ultraviolet light emissions are prominent in the ionosphere and could be used to monitor the ionosphere. During the nighttime, the 135.6 nm spectral line is excited by the radiation recombination process of F region O⁺ and e^– and the mutual neutralization process of O⁺ and O^– in the ionosphere. There is a strong correlation between the intensity of the spectral line and the maximum electronic density of ionospheric F₂ layer (N_mF₂). Based on the physical model in which the OI 135.6 nm emission is proportional to the square of N_mF₂, the retrieval algorithm is established for different longitude, latitude, local time, season and solar activity. In this paper, the critical frequency of ionospheric F₂ region (f₀F₂) is retrieved from 135.6 nm emission observed by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) instrument on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), and then the estimated results are compared with the detection results of ground-based ionosonde. As the results show, during the high-solar activity year (2013), the data with relative error less than or equal to 20% accounted for 93.0%, and the average relative error is about 7.08%. During the low-solar activity years (2017), the data with relative error less than or equal to 20% accounted for 80.8%, and the average relative error is about 12.64%. Finally, we analyze the difference of retrieval accuracy of the algorithm during the high and low solar activity years.
- OI 135.6 nm /
- Retrieval method /
- f₀F₂ /
- Ionosphere /
- Ionosonde
注释:

1) 1https://data.meridianproject.ac.cn/

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图 1 OI 135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度与N_mF₂平方的拟合（R表示线性相关系数，红色实线为两类数据的线性拟合）

Figure 1. Linear fitting of the OI 135.6 nm emission and the square of N_mF₂ (R represents the linear correlation coefficient, and the red solid line indicates the linear fitting of the two data)

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图 2 2002年春分、夏至、秋分和冬至时N_mF₂，OI 135.6与换算系数

Figure 2. N_mF₂, OI 135.6 and conversion factor at the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice in 2002

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图 3 OI 135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度与N_mF₂平方在不同区域的拟合（R表示线性相关系数，红色实线为两类数据的线性拟合）。（a）全球区域，（b）A区，（c）B区

Figure 3. Linear fitting of the OI 135.6 nm emission and the square of N_mF₂ in different regions. R represents the linear correlation coefficient, and the red solid line indicates the linear fitting of the two data. (a) Global-zone, (b) A-zone, (c) B-Zone

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图 4 不同纬度区域和不同太阳10.7 cm辐射通量下N_mF₂平方和OI 135.6 nm辐射强度的换算系数

Figure 4. Conversion factor of the square of N_mF₂ and OI 135.6 nm emission at different latitudes and 10.7 cm solar radio flux

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图 5 2013年1月11日DMSP卫星夜间探测的OI 135.6 nm气辉强度。红色标记为海南富克站的位置（19.53°N，109.13°E）

Figure 5. OI 135.6 nm emission at night detected by satellite DMSP on 11 Jan. 2013. The red mark indicates the location of Hainan Fuke station (19.53°N, 109.13°E)

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图 6 2013年估计的f₀F₂与地基探测f₀F₂的对比。（a）IRI f₀F₂，（b）使用Global换算系数反演的f₀F₂，（c）使用 B 区换算系数反演的f₀F₂，（d）～（f）相对误差的统计直方图。地点为海南富克站（19.53°N，109.13°E）

Figure 6. Comparison between estimated f₀F₂ and f₀F₂ detected by ionosonde in 2013. (a) IRI f₀F₂, (b) f₀F₂ retrieved from Global conversion factor, (c) f₀F₂ retrieved from B-zone conversion factor, (d)～(f) statistical histogram of relative difference. The location is Hainan Fuke station (19.53°N, 109.13°E)

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图 7 2017年估计的f₀F₂与地基探测f₀F₂的对比。（a）IRI f₀F₂，（b）使用B区换算系数反演的f₀F₂，（c）～（d）相对误差的统计直方图。地点为海南富克站（19.53°N，109.13°E）

Figure 7. Comparison between estimated f₀F₂ and f₀F₂ detected by ionosonde in 2017. (a) IRI f₀F₂, (b) f₀F₂ retrieved from B-zone conversion factor, (c)～(d) statistical histogram of relative difference. The location is Hainan Fuke station (19.53°N, 109.13°E)

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表 1 复合反应和复合系数

Table 1. Recombination reaction and recombination coefficient

复合反应	复合系数
$ {\mathrm{O}}^{+}+\mathrm{e}\to \mathrm{O}+hv\left(1356 Å \right) $	$ {\alpha }_{135.6}=7.3\times {10}^{-13}(1160/{T}_{\mathrm{e}}{)}^{1/2}\;\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1} $
$ \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{e}\to {\mathrm{O}}^{-}+hv $	$ {k}_{1}=1.3\times {10}^{-15}\;\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1} $
$ {\mathrm{O}}^{+}+{\mathrm{O}}^{-}\to {\mathrm{O}}'+\mathrm{O}\left(1356 Å \right) $	$ \begin{array}{c}{k}_{2}=1.0\times {10}^{-7}\;{\rm{c}}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1},{\beta }_{135.6}=0.54\end{array} $
$ \mathrm{O}+{\mathrm{O}}^{-}\to {\mathrm{O}}_{2}+\mathrm{e} $	$ {k}_{3}=1.4\times {10}^{-10}\;\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1} $
注　${\rm{O}}' $表示激发态的氧原子O(⁵S)。

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