Abstract: There are more and more satellites and spacecrafts in earth orbit, and the density of near-earth space is increasing. According to statistics, the existing space debris mainly comes from about 640 space events. The study of satellite disintegration events is of great significance to maintain the safety of space environment. On November 15, 2021, Russia conducted an anti-satellite test and destroyed an abandoned satellite COSMOS 1408. The event produced a space debris cloud composed of about 1800 traceable debris. The height of the debris cloud is between 200 and 1400 km, and it continues to spread over time, threatening the safe operation of LEO satellites and spacecraft. Based on the TLE of COSMOS 1408 disintegration event debris released by SSN in the United States, this paper uses the SGP4 model to analyze the evolution of the space debris cloud, including the number of catalogs and temporal and spatial changes of the debris cloud, the changes of the main orbital parameters, and the impact of the disintegration debris on the space environment. Taking the four events that the debris threatened the ISS and forced the latter to maneuver to avoid the debris as an example, the evolution law and the impact are explored, and the evolution process and the impact of the COSMOS 1408 anti-satellite event space debris cloud are preliminarily restored.