遥感卫星地面站天线遮挡预报模型及其应用
doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.05.2023-0134 cstr: 32142.14.cjss2024.05.2023-0134
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付伟龙 男, 1989年3月出生于河北省廊坊市, 现为中国科学院空天信息创新研究院工程师, 主要研究方向为卫星地面接收系统工程技术、电磁场与微波技术等. E-mail: fuwl@aircas.ac.cn
作者简介:
Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station Antenna Occlusion Forecasting Model and its Application
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摘要: 基于遥感卫星地面站业务运行中所遇到的实际问题和运行经验, 为降低因地面站天线周边遮挡物对低轨道空间科学卫星、陆地观测卫星等极轨卫星的空间通信任务所产生的影响, 以提高航天器和地面的有效通信时长和通信质量为目标, 将地面站天线作为基准, 对周边环境的遮挡进行建模分析. 建立遮挡模型空间几何关系, 模型选择推导“天线无遮挡最小仰角”的求解思路, 通过模型分析和推导得到了遮挡物的实体遮挡模型公式和大型天线遮挡模型公式. 通过模型验证, 将模型计算结果同实际遮挡采样信息对比, 结果表明遮挡模型和遮挡实际情况基本吻合, 模型计算结果准确度可达到99.67%. 以天线遮挡预报模型为信息支持, 将天线遮挡预报封装成服务, 在任务规划阶段调用天线遮挡预报的计算服务和相应任务规划策略, 以实现天线遮挡预报模型在地面站运行管理资源调度中的工程应用. 经试运行和应用统计结果表明, 某地面站的运行管理资源调度优化率达到56.07%.Abstract: Based on the practical problems encountered in the operational operation of remote sensing satellite ground stations and operational experience, this paper aims to reduce the impact of obstructions around the antennas of ground stations on the space communication missions of polar orbit satellites such as low-orbit space science satellites and land observation satellites. With the goal of improving the effective communication duration and communication quality between the spacecraft and the ground, the ground station antenna is used as a benchmark for modeling and analyzing the obstructions in the surrounding environment. First establish the occlusion model spatial geometry relationship. The model is chosen to derive the solution for the “minimum elevation angle of the antenna without obstruction”. The solid occlusion model equations and large antenna Occlusion model equations are obtained through model analysis and derivation. Through the model validation, it shows that the model results and the actual situation of the occlusion basically match, and the accuracy of the model calculation results can reach 99.67%. Using the antenna occlusion forecast model as information support, the antenna occlusion forecast is encapsulated into a service, and the computation service of the antenna occlusion forecast and the corresponding mission planning strategy are invoked in the mission planning stage, so as to realize the engineering application of the antenna occlusion forecast model in the operation and management resource scheduling of a ground station. The results of trial operation and application statistics show that the optimization rate of operation management resource scheduling of a ground station has reached 56.07%.
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表 1 地面站天线A无遮挡最小仰角计算数据 (起始跟踪最小仰角为5º)
Table 1. Calculation data for the minimum elevation angles without obstruction of the ground station antenna A (Minimum elevation angle of 5º for initial tracking)
天线A方
位角度/(º)天线B
方位角/(º)夹角$ \alpha $
/(º)无遮挡最
小仰角$ {E}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $/(º)137 149.68 12.68 1.464 138 149.68 11.68 5.181 139 149.68 10.68 7.029 140 149.68 9.68 8.358 141 149.68 8.68 9.393 142 149.68 7.68 10.224 143 149.68 6.68 10.900 144 149.68 5.68 11.448 145 149.68 4.68 11.887 146 149.68 3.68 12.229 147 149.68 2.68 12.483 148 149.68 1.68 12.654 149 149.68 0.68 12.745 149.68 149.68 0 12.763 150 149.68 –0.32 12.759 151 149.68 –1.32 12.696 152 149.68 –2.32 12.554 153 149.68 –3.32 12.330 154 149.68 –4.32 12.021 155 149.68 –5.32 11.618 156 149.68 –6.32 11.111 157 149.68 –7.32 10.484 158 149.68 –8.32 9.713 159 149.68 –9.32 8.758 160 149.68 –10.32 7.550 161 149.68 –11.32 5.934 162 149.68 –12.32 3.359 
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表 2 某地面站S天线A周边地理环境参数
Table 2. Parameters of the geographic environment around the antenna of a ground station
试验
类型与天线A
距离/m俯仰轴绝对
海拔高度/m遮挡物相对
天线A的
方位角
/(º)天线A 0 47.165 0 天线B 72 47.165 137～161 天线C 97.3 47.165 102～117 山体 k 3432 330～396.45 85～91 建筑 z 230～270 64.8 137～185
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表 3 某地面站天线遮挡预报试运行情况
Table 3. Trial operation of antenna occlusion forecasting at a ground station
采样
时间/d任务样本
总量/轨遮挡预报和
资源优化
任务量/轨运行管理
资源调度
优化率/ (%)23 2149 1205 56.07
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