2018－2019年平流层顶抬升事件期间的准定常行星波
doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.06.2024-0001 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0001
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苏伟 男, 1997年4月出生于湖北省荆州市, 武汉大学2021级空间物理系硕士. 目前研究方向为中高层大气动力学. E-mail: 849162319@qq.com -
黄春明 女, 武汉大学电子信息学院空间物理系教授, 博士生导师. 多年从事大气动力学研究, 在中高层大气波动的数值模拟和观测研究方面做出了较好的工作, 主持了多项国家自然科学基金面上项目和国家863项目. E-mail: huangcm@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Quasi-stationary Planetary Waves during the 2018–2019 Elevated Stratopause Event
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摘要: 2018－2019年北半球高纬地区的冬季发生了平流层顶抬升事件, 各种大气波动在该事件中所扮演的角色尚不完全清楚. 利用卫星和再分析数据, 给出了在这次ES事件发生前后平流层顶和背景大气的变化, 深入研究了准定常行星波在平流层和中间层下部的活动. 结果显示, 纬向波数为1的准定常行星1波在12月初开始增强, 在12月中旬达到最大值. 在整个12月, 即原平流层顶的下降与增温阶段, 都呈现出对背景大气强烈的西向波强迫. 在平流层顶抬升事件发生后, 该波活动减弱, 对背景大气的拽力很弱, 可能没有参与平流层顶抬升事件的后续阶段. 纬向波数为2的准定常行星在ES事件发生前活动较弱, 而在1月中旬开始增强, 在1月中旬到2月末, 即高平流层顶形成阶段以及之后的下降与增温阶段, 呈现出对背景大气的西向波强迫, 强迫中心随高度的下降与高平流层顶的下降一致, 说明该波主要在这一阶段发挥作用.
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关键词:
- 准定常行星波 /
- 平流层顶抬升 /
- 平流层 /
- MERRA-2再分析数据
Abstract: The winter of 2018－2019 at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere was characterized by an Elevated Stratospheric (ES) event, and the role played by various atmospheric fluctuations in this event is not fully understood. Using satellite and reanalysis data, the changes in the stratopause and background atmosphere before and after this ES event were demonstrated, providing insights into the activity of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The results show that the quasi-stationary planetary waves with a zonal wave number of 1 began to intensify in early December and reached a maximum in mid-December. A strong westerly wave forcing on the background atmosphere is shown throughout December, the descending and warming phase of the original stratopause. After the ES, the wave activity weakened and the tug on the background atmosphere was weak, and may not have been involved in the subsequent phases of the ES event. The quasi-stationary planet with a zonal wave number of 2 has a weak activity before the ES, and starts to strengthen in mid-January, and shows westward wave forcing on the background atmosphere from the middle of January to the end of February, during the stage of the formation of the upper stratopause and the subsequent stages of the descent and warming, and the decrease of the center of the forcing with the altitude coincides with the decrease of the upper stratopause, which suggests that the wave mainly plays a role in this stage. -
图 1 从MERRA-2再分析数据(a)、MLS(b)和ERA5(c)得到的70°N纬向平均日均温度的时间–高度剖面
Figure 1. Time-height sections of zonal-mean and daily-mean temperature at 70°N obtained from MERRA-2(a), MLS(b), and ERA5 (c)
图 2 从MERRA-2数据中提取的波数为1(左列)和波数为2(右列)的准定常行星波纬向风速、经向风速和温度分量在70°N处的高度–时间分布(红色实线代表平流层顶, 白色实线代表东向的纬向平均纬向风速, 而白色虚线则代表西向的纬向平均纬向风速)
Figure 2. Altitude-time distributions of SPW1 (left) and SPW2 (right) for zonal wind, meridional wind and temperature at 70°N, extracted from MERRA-2 data (The solid red line in the figure represents the stratopause, the solid white line represents the eastward zonal-mean zonal winds, and the dashed white line represents the westward zonal-mean zonal winds)
图 3 从MERRA-2数据中提取的2018年12月1日至2019年2月1日70°N处准定常行星1波纬向平均涡度的经向梯度(蓝色实线代表零刻度线)
Figure 3. Time-altitude sections of the potential vorticity gradient for SPW1 at 70°N for 1 December 2018 to 1 February 2019, extracted from MERRA-2 data (Solid blue line in the graph represents the zero line)
图 4 从MERRA-2数据中提取的2018年12月1日至2019年2月28日70°N处准定常行星波1的EP通量散度(白色实线代表零刻度线,黑色实线代表东向的纬向平均纬向风速, 黑色虚线则代表西向的纬向平均纬向风速)
Figure 4. EP flux divergence for SPW1 at 70°N from 1 December 2018 to 28 February 2019 extracted from MERRA-2 data (Solid white line in the graph represents the zero line, the solid white line represents the eastward zonal-mean zonal winds, and the dashed white line represents the westward zonal-mean zonal winds)
图 5 从MERRA-2数据中提取的2018年12月15－20日(a)、21－26日(b)和2018年12月27日至2019年1月1日(c)准定常行星1波的EP通量(矢量)和EP通量散度(彩色阴影)的纬度–高度剖面
Figure 5. Latitude-height sections of EP flux (vectors) and EP flux divergence (color shading) for SPW1 for 15－20 (a), 21－26 (b) December, and 27 December 2018 to 1 January 2019 (c), extracted from MERRA-2 data
图 6 从MERRA-2数据中提取的1996－1997年(a)和2018－2019年(b)70°N处的准定常行星2波的EP通量散度在各个高度上的逐日变化 (白色实线代表零刻度线, 黑色实线代表东向的纬向平均纬向风速, 而黑色虚线则代表西向的纬向平均纬向风速)
Figure 6. Daily variations of the EP flux divergence of the SPW2 at 70°N at various altitudes for the years 1996－1997 (a) and 2018－2019 (b) ,extracted from MERRA-2 data (The solid white line in the graph represents the zero line, the solid white line represents the eastward zonal-mean zonal winds, and the dashed white line represents the westward zonal-mean zonal winds)
图 7 从MERRA-2数据中提取的2019年1月20－25日(a)、2月13－18日(b)和19－24日(c)准定常行星2波的EP通量(矢量)和EP通量散度的纬度-高度剖面
Figure 7. Latitude-height sections of EP flux (vectors) and EP flux divergence for SPW2 for 20－25 January (a), 13－18 February (b), and 19－24 February (c), 2019 extracted from MERRA-2 data
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