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摘要: 本文基于兴隆（XLON，40.2°N，117.6°E；磁纬：35°N）和南非Sutherland天文台（SAAO，32.2°S, 20.48°E；磁纬：40.7°S）的地基Fabry-Perot干涉仪（FPI）观测数据，结合热层-电离层-电动力学环流模型（TIEGCM），系统分析了2018年3月18-19日磁暴事件期间南北半球中纬度地区热层风场的响应特征。研究发现，南半球热层风场对磁暴的响应较北半球更为显著。在SAAO台站观测到显著的赤道向和西向风增强现象，其中经向风最大速度达128.4 m/s（赤道向），纬向风最大速度达-165.6 m/s（西向）。通过与TIEGCM模拟结果的对比分析表明，模型能够较好地再现观测数据的扰动趋势，特别是在SAAO经向风和XLON纬向风的变化特征方面。然而，模型在风速定量预测上仍存在一定偏差：对SAAO东向纬向风存在低估现象，而对XLON赤道向经向风则呈现高估趋势。Abstract: The responses of thermospheric winds at middle latitudes to the moderate geomagnetic storm of Mar 18-19, 2018, are examined using two ground-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) observations from the Xinglong (XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; magnetic latitude: 35°N) and the Sutherland Astronomical Observatory (SAAO, 32.2°S, 20.48°E; magnetic latitude: 40.7°S), combined with simulations from the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The results reveal that the response of thermospheric winds to the geomagnetic storm is more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. Significant enhancements in equatorward and westward winds are observed at the SAAO station, with maximum meridional wind speeds reaching 128.4 m/s (equatorward) and maximum zonal wind speeds reaching -165.6 m/s (westward). Comparative analysis with TIEGCM simulations indicates that the model can reasonably reproduce the disturbance trends in observations, particularly in the variations of meridional winds at SAAO and zonal winds at XLON. However, certain quantitative discrepancies remain in the model's predictions: the model underestimates the eastward zonal winds at SAAO and overestimates the equatorward meridional winds at XLON.
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