微流控芯片在空间生命科学中的应用

魏栋苹; 孙联文; 杨肖

doi:10.11728/cjss2025.02.2024-0155

微流控芯片在空间生命科学中的应用

doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.02.2024-0155 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0155

生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室, 高端医疗装备与器械创新及转化工业和信息化部重点实验室, 国家医学攻关(医工结合方向)高端医疗装备与器械产教融合创新平台, 北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院　北京　100191

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(JKF-20240586, JKF-20240765)和载人空间站工程空间科学与应用项目(KJZ-YY-NSM0504)共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:

魏栋苹　女, 2000年3月出生于山西省大同市, 现就读于北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院, 硕士研究生. 研究方向为航天生物医学工程, 空间生命科学. E-mail: weidongping@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:

杨肖　女, 1985年10月出生于内蒙古呼和浩特市, 北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院副教授, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为航天生物医学工程, 空间生命科学, 失重性骨丢失机制研究, 骨组织细胞的力学生物学与生物力学等. E-mail: xiaoyang@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-02
- 修回日期: 2025-01-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-11

Applications of Microfluidic Chips in Space Life Sciences

Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Innovation and Transformation of Advanced Medical Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; National Medical Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Advanced Medical Devices (Interdiscipline of Medicine and Engineering); School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191

摘要

摘要: 微流控芯片(Microfluidic chip)又被称为芯片实验室(Lab-on-a-Chip, LOC), 可在微米尺度对少量液体进行操控, 是近年来新兴的一种可在体外开展生命科学研究的技术, 在药物筛选和体外诊断中具有通量大、灵敏度高的优势, 可用于模拟人体特定器官的复杂微结构、微环境和生理功能. 由于微流控芯片具有体积小、样品用量少、分析时间短、功耗低等特点, 十分适合应用于空间科学实验, 可以有效弥补动物模型在复杂空间环境中的个体差异缺陷, 以及单一细胞模型无法真实模拟体内复杂环境的问题. 本文简介了微流控芯片的发展历程、制作技术及加载方式, 综述了其在地面和空间生命科学方面的应用, 为微流控芯片在空间生命科学研究中的广泛应用提供参考.
- 微流控芯片 /
- 空间生命科学 /
- 药物筛选 /
- 器官芯片 /
- 体外诊断 /
- 微重力
Abstract: Microfluidic chip, also known as Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC), represent a cutting-edge technology that enables the precise manipulation of small volumes of liquid at the microscale. In recent years, this innovative technology has garnered significant attention for its potential to revolutionize life science research in vitro. Particularly in the fields of drug screening and in vitro diagnostics, microfluidic chips offer remarkable advantages, including high throughput and high sensitivity, allowing for the rapid and accurate analysis of large numbers of samples. Moreover, these chips can be engineered to simulate the complex microstructures, microenvironments, and physiological functions of specific human organs, providing researchers with a powerful tool to study biological processes in a controlled and highly specific manner. Characterized by their compact size, minimal sample consumption, short analysis times, and low power requirements, microfluidic chips are especially well-suited for space science experiments, where resources are often limited and environmental conditions are highly complex. In space research, animal models may exhibit significant individual differences, and single-cell models often fail to accurately simulate the complex in vivo environment. Microfluidic chips effectively address these limitations by offering a more controlled and representative experimental platform. They can simulate the physiological conditions of human organs with greater accuracy and reliability compared to traditional models, making them an invaluable tool for space life science research. This article provides an overview of the development history, fabrication technology, and fluid loading methods of microfluidic chips. It traces the evolution from early concepts to today’s complex devices, discusses various fabrication techniques with their respective advantages and application scenarios, and explores loading techniques that ensure precise fluid control within the chip. Beyond these, the article also highlights the application of microfluidic chips in both terrestrial and space life sciences. From the aspects of drug screening, in vitro diagnostics, and organ-on-a-chip, it focused on how chips can advance life science research. In the context of space research, the article discusses how chips can be utilized to study the effects of microgravity on cell behavior, tissue development, and other biological phenomena. It provides a comprehensive reference for the broader application of microfluidic chips in space life science research.
- Microfluidic chips /
- Space life sciences /
- Drug screening /
- Organ-on-a-Chip /
- In vitro diagnostics /
- Microgravity

HTML全文

图 1 基于细胞水平的芯片. (a)具有浓度梯度发生器和细胞培养腔室的集成微流控芯片, (b)基于液滴进行药物筛选的微流控芯片

Figure 1. Chip based on the cellular level. (a) Integrated microfluidic chip with concentration gradient generator and cell culture chamber, (b) microfluidic chip for droplet-based drug screening

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图 2 体外检测与诊断芯片. (a)空气细菌捕获富集芯片(左)和免疫分析芯片集成的微流控系统(右); (b)挤压驱动的软管和集成的微流体芯片, 软管分别包含裂解缓冲液、洗涤缓冲液、RPA 缓冲液和电泳缓冲液; (c) NICHE能够去除白细胞、捕获CTC、通过纳米电穿孔技术将探针递送到活的CTC中, 进行细胞内基因的相对定量, 并分析响应免疫细胞的CTC行为以预测免疫治疗反应; (d) 单细胞MALBAC反应的集成微流控装置, 显示流体通道(紫色)和控制通道(洋红色)

Figure 2. In vitro detection and diagnostic chip. (a) Microfluidic system integrated with airborne bacterial capture enrichment chip and immunoassay chip. (b) Squeeze-driven hoses and the integrated microfluidic chip. The hoses contain lysis buffer, wash buffer, RPA buffer, and running buffer respectively. (c) NICHE enables removal of WBCs, capturing CTCs, delivery of DNAT probes into living CTCs through the nanopore-enhanced electrodelivery technique for intracellular mRNA relative quantification, and analysis of CTC behaviors in response to immune cells for immunotherapy response prediction. (d) An integrated microfluidic device designed for single-cell MALBAC reactions, showing fluid channels (purple) and control channels (magenta)

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图 3 肺器官芯片. (a) 垂直结构型肺芯片, (b) 平行结构型肺芯片, (c) 具有微生理呼吸可视化的仿生3D肺芯片

Figure 3. Lung organ-on-a-chip. (a) Vertical structure lung chip, (b) parallel structural lung chip, (c) bionic 3D lung chip with microphysiological respiration visualization

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图 4 具有精确控制流量的微流体系统 (a) 与微型细胞芯片(b)

Figure 4. Microfluidic system with precisely controlled flow (a) and miniature cell chip (b)

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图 5 (a) 芯片实验室便携式检测系统, 由阅读器和拭子系统组成, 用来检测舱内物体表面微生物. (b)远征14/15飞行工程师在空间站上将样本分配到芯片实验室便携式检测系统 (Image courtesy of NASA). (c) 6个Nortis Triplex 芯片集成到KCPP灌注平台. (d) Nortis Triplex芯片. (e)骨骼肌仿生组织芯片

Figure 5. (a) A Lab-on-a-chip portable detection system, consisting of a reader and a swabbing system, is used to detect microorganisms on the surface of objects in the cabin. (b) Expedition 14/15 flight engineer dispense samples to a lab-on-a-chip portable inspection system on the space station (Image courtesy of NASA). (c) Six Nortis Triplex chips are integrated into the KCPP perfusion platform. (d) The Nortis Triplex chip. (e) Skeletal muscle biomimetic tissue chip

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图 6 (a) PCR芯片, (b) 国际空间站实验 IGM-BIT-1 载荷, (c) 细胞共培养微流控芯片, (d) 细胞培养和分析有效载荷

Figure 6. (a) PCR chip design, (b) IGM-BIT-1 payload on the International Space Station, (c) cell co-culture microfluidic chip, (d) cell culture and analysis payload

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