肌骨系统多刚体动力学建模在载人航天领域的研究进展
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.03.2024-0163 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0163
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张静 女, 1990年10月出生于山东省聊城市, 现为北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院博士研究生, 主要研究方向为航空航天人因工程、运动生物力学等. E-mail: zhangjing2021@buaa.edu.cn -
丁立 男, 1971年3月出生于云南省昭通市, 现为北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院教授, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为人因工程、航空航天生理学及防护等. E-mail: ding1971316@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Advances in the Study of the Musculoskeletal Multi-rigid-body Dynamic Modeling in Manned Space Flight
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摘要: 随着中国载人航天事业由近地空间向深空探测推进, 长期空间飞行中航天员肌骨系统损伤防护和地外星球探测中低重力环境适应, 成为航天员健康和安全保障的关切问题. 为解决地面模拟微重力/低重力环境人体运动肌骨系统响应等方面的局限, 基于生物力学原理和计算机辅助设计的肌骨系统建模仿真技术逐渐成为评估航天员锻炼方案和分析微重力/低重力运动特征的新型方法和工具. 本文基于多刚体动力学建模和仿真方法, 综合分析了载人航天领域肌骨系统动力学建模仿真方法的基本原理、可信度评估与研究进展, 并在此基础上讨论了其在航天员锻炼、舱外航天服优化及地外星球任务执行等方面的应用现状, 进而提出未来发展前景与研究方向.Abstract: With the advancement of China’s manned space program from near-Earth space to deep space exploration, the protection of astronauts against musculoskeletal injuries during long-duration space missions and their adaptation to low-gravity environments during extraterrestrial exploration have become critical issues concerning astronaut health and safety. To address the limitations of ground-based experiments in studying human motion and musculoskeletal system responses in microgravity/low-gravity environments, musculoskeletal system modeling and simulation technologies, based on biomechanical principles and computer-aided design, have emerged as novel methods and tools for evaluating astronaut exercise regimens and analyzing the kinematics and dynamics of microgravity/low-gravity environments. This paper introduces the principles of musculoskeletal system multi-rigid-body dynamics modeling in space environments, including forward dynamics-driven and inverse dynamics analysis methods. Taking OpenSim software as an instance, this paper elaborates on the procedure of constructing human-device-environment models in microgravity/low-gravity environments and the solution of muscle forces and joint torques via inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics algorithms. Furthermore, to assess the credibility of musculoskeletal modeling and simulation methods for manned spaceflight research, the relationship between experiments and modeling/simulation is analyzed. Based on existing literature, credibility assessment is conducted from eight factors: data pedigrees, input pedigrees, code verification, solution verification, conceptual validation, reference validation, results uncertainty, and results robustness. On this basis, the application of musculoskeletal system dynamics modeling and simulation methods in three key areas is reviewed as follows: assisting astronauts in space exercise by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different exercise regimens and designing space station-compatible exercise equipment; optimizing extravehicular spacesuit design by calculating joint reaction torques through human-spacesuit coupling biomechanical models and improving spacesuit design to enhance comfort and work performance; and supporting extraterrestrial exploration by focusing on research into human motion characteristics in low-gravity environments and the development of human-spacesuit-exoskeleton systems to confirm the effectiveness of exoskeleton systems in planetary exploration. Finally, the limitations of musculoskeletal system multi-rigid-body modeling and simulation methods are analyzed, and new perspectives on future research directions and application prospects are proposed.
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Key words:
- Musculoskeletal system /
- Modeling /
- Astronauts /
- Inverse dynamics /
- Manned space flight
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图 1 空间环境肌骨系统多刚体动力学建模和仿真流程
Figure 1. Flowchart of multi-rigid-body dynamic modeling and simulation for the musculoskeletal system in the space environment
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