1998－2020年120°E上空电离层赤道异常冬季纬度偏移现象及其影响机制
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.05.2024-0136 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0136
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黄林峰 男, 1986年3月出生于江西省抚州市, 现为贵州省生态与农业气象中心高级工程师, 主要研究方向为电离层与中高层大气等. E-mail:lxq850808@126.com
通讯作者:
EIA Latitude Offset Phenomenon in Winter and Its Impact Mechanism around 120°E Longitude during 1998－2020
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摘要: 基于俄罗斯科学院IZMIRAN研究所提供的1998 － 2020年的电离层TEC, f0F2, hmF2等数据, 统计分析在地磁活动平静期间120°E上空电离层赤道异常(EIA)半球不对称性与冬季纬度位置偏移现象, 并探讨其可能影响机制. 研究结果表明, 冬至期间EIA双峰结构不对称性与太阳活动变化的相关性相对显著, 在太阳活动低时主要为南驼峰更为明显, 在太阳活动高时以北驼峰显著为主; EIA双峰结构纬度位置在冬季期间呈现出向南半球偏移的现象, 特别是在太阳活动很低时, 且南驼峰纬度位置偏移量更明显. 在120°E冬至期间, 跨赤道中性风是影响EIA双峰强度半球不对称性的主要因素, 排除地磁活动和磁偏角等的影响, 冬季EIA双峰结构纬度偏移可能与太阳直射点等离子体浓度背景场的地理控制作用有关.Abstract: Based on the Total Electron Content (TEC), F2 layer critical frequency (f0F2), and peak height (hmF2) data provided by the institute of IZMIRAN of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1998 to 2020, this study analyzes the morphological features of the hemispheric asymmetry and latitude offset phenomenon of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) over 120°E during geomagnetically quiet periods, especially during low solar activity, and explores the possible influencing mechanisms. The results showed that the hemispherical asymmetry features of EIA structure that vary with solar activity are significantly different during the summer and winter solstice. The asymmetry exhibits a significant correlation with the solar activity during winter solstice. However, there is a weak negative correlation during the summer solstice. The latitude position of EIA structure moves southward in winter months and the latitude deviation of southern anomaly crest is more significant, especially during the low solar activity. During the winter solstice over 120°E, trans-equatorial neutral winds are the main factor affecting the hemispheric asymmetry of EIA peak intensities. Excluding the influences of geomagnetic activity and magnetic declination, the primary factor for the latitude shifts of the EIA double-peak structure in winter may be related to the geographic control effect of the plasma density background field around the subsolar point. At where, photo-ionization can produce more electrons, and the effect may plays an important role in Southward offset phenomenon of EIA structure in winter around 120°E longitude. Meanwhile, the impact of the geographic control influence still requires further research and validation through theoretical models and simulation studies. These findings provide new insights into the complex behaviors of the EIA under varying solar conditions, highlighting the significant role of subsolar point positioning in modulating ionospheric EIA structures.
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Key words:
- Equatorial ionization anomaly /
- Hemispheric asymmetry /
- Latitude offset
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图 1 研究区域周边IGS站点与电离层探测仪站点分布
Figure 1. Distribution of International GNSS Service (IGS) and ionosonde network around the research area
图 2 1998－2020年太阳活动F10.7和P指数
Figure 2. Values of F10.7 and P during the period from 1998 to 2020
图 3 1998－2020年夏冬至期间双峰强度不对称性指数与太阳活动指数变化关系
Figure 3. Solar activity (P) dependence of asymmetry index (δAI) of TEC and NmF2 during summer and winter solstice from 1998 to 2020
图 4 1998－2020年太阳活动低时电离层NmF2月均值随纬度和时间分布
Figure 4. Monthly contour plots of mean NmF2 under the low (P < 100) solar activity days from 1998 to 2020
图 5 1998－2020年太阳活动高时和低时电离层TEC与NmF2双峰结构纬度位置逐月变化
Figure 5. Monthly variation of the TEC and NmF2 under the high low (P≥150) and low (P < 100) solar activity days from 1998 to 2020
图 6 1998－2020年夏冬至期间F2层双峰结构磁赤道电子浓度峰值高度hmF2与太阳活动对应关系
Figure 6. Solar activity (P) dependence of F2 layer peak height (hmF2) of the magnetic equator during solstice period from 1998 to 2020
图 7 太阳活动低时冬至期间EIA形成双峰结构
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the EIA structure under the low (P<100) solar activity days during winter solstice
表 1 太阳活动高时和低时电离层双峰结构纬度冬季相对于夏季的偏移量对比
Table 1. Comparison of latitude offset of EIA structure in winter relative to summer
太阳活动 双峰结构参数 Lnc偏移量/(°) Let偏移量/(°) Lsc偏移量/(°) P≥150 TEC 0.3 1.9 4.3 NmF2 0.6 3.1 3.6 P<100 TEC 3.9 2.5 9.6 NmF2 4.4 3.7 7.2 
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