空间风化对C型小行星的光谱影响研究概述

周婷; 唐红; 缪秉魁; 曾小家; 夏志鹏; 于雯; 周传娇; 贺恩成

doi:10.11728/cjss2023.04.2022-0058

空间风化对C型小行星的光谱影响研究概述

doi: 10.11728/cjss2023.04.2022-0058 cstr: 32142.14.cjss2023.04.2022-0058

周婷^{1, 2,},
唐红^{2, 3, ,},
缪秉魁^{1, 4, ,},
曾小家²,
夏志鹏^{1, 4},
于雯²,
周传娇²,
贺恩成^{1, 2}

1.
桂林理工大学陨石与行星物质研究中心行星地质演化广西高校重点实验室　桂林　541006
2.
中国科学院地球化学研究所　贵阳　550081
3.
中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心　合肥　230026
4.
桂林理工大学广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室　桂林　541006

基金项目: 中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项项目（XDB 41000000），国家自然科学基金项目（41173077，41776196，42203048），中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（2018435），广西科技基地与人才建设专项项目（AD1850007）和桂林理工大学创新创业项目（202210596152）共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:

周婷：E-mail：zhout5075@163.com

通讯作者:

E-mail：tanghong@vip.gyig.ac.cn

miaobk@glut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P185.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-09
- 录用日期: 2023-06-25
- 修回日期: 2023-06-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-25

Review of the Spectral Effects of Space Weathering on C-type Asteroids

ZHOU Ting^{1, 2
,},
TANG Hong^{2, 3
, ,},
MIAO Bingkui^{1, 4
, ,},
ZENG Xiaojia²,
XIA Zhipeng^{1, 4},
YU Wen²,
ZHOU Chuanjiao²,
HE Encheng^{1, 2}

1.
Institution of Meteorites and Planetary Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Planetary Geological Evolution of Guangxi Provincial Universities, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006
2.
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081
3.
Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026
4.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Exploration for Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006

摘要

摘要: C型小行星主要由硅酸盐矿物和含碳有机质组成，保存了太阳系形成初期的原始物质，是认识太阳系形成初期的重要物质，对研究水和生命起源与演化具有重要科学意义。目前对小行星物质组成的认识主要基于光谱特征分析，但长期的空间风化作用会改变小行星表面物质的光谱特征，所以认识小行星的物质组成需要准确厘清空间风化对光谱的影响。随着中国小行星探测工程的推进，迫切需要深入认识C型小行星的光谱特征及对空间风化的响应规律。为此，分析了C型小行星的反射率、水和有机质吸收等光谱特征以及空间风化的影响，提出研究存在的主要问题，进而指出了该研究方向的未来发展趋势和研究重点。
- C型小行星 /
- 光谱 /
- 碳质球粒陨石 /
- 空间风化
Abstract: C-type asteroids are mainly composed of silicates and carbon-rich organic matter, which preserve the original materials of the early formation of solar system. They are important clues to understand the early formation of the solar system, and have important scientific significance for revealing the origin and evolution of water and life. At present, the understanding of the composition characteristics of asteroids is mainly based on spectral characteristics analysis. However, the long-term space weathering will change the spectral characteristics, so the understanding of the composition of asteroids needs to accurately clarify the effects of space weathering on the spectra. With the advancement of the asteroid exploration in China, it is necessary to understand the spectral characteristics and variation rules of C-type asteroids. This paper summarizes the spectral characteristics of C-type asteroids (e.g., the reflectance spectra, absorption of water and organic matter) and the influence of space weathering on C-type asteroid, analyzes the main problems existing in the research, and points out the future development trend and research focus of this research direction.
- C-type asteroids /
- Spectra /
- Carbonaceous chondrites /
- Space weathering

HTML全文

图 1 C型小行星0.7 μm处光谱特征

Figure 1. 0.7 μm spectral characteristics of a C-type asteroid

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图 2 C型小行星3 μm处光谱特征

Figure 2. 3 μm spectral characteristics of a C-type asteroid

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图 3 Ryugu返回样品的红外反射光谱

Figure 3. Infrared reflectance spectra of Ryugu returned samples

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图 4 He⁺辐照碳质球粒陨石近红外反射光谱

Figure 4. NIR spectra of He⁺ irradiated carbonaceous chondrites

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图 5 He⁺辐照碳质球粒陨石中红外反射光谱

Figure 5. MIR spectra of He⁺ irradiated carbonaceous chondrites

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表 1 C型小行星相关物理特征参数

Table 1. Physical characteristic parameters of C-type asteroids

小行星	Tholen, Bus, DeMeo分类	反照率
小行星	Tholen, Bus, DeMeo分类	Ref. [19]	Ref. [20]	Ref. [21]	Ref. [22]	Ref. [23]	Ref. [24]
10 Hygiea	C, C, C	0.06	0.054	0.075	0.0717	0.0710	0.0579
24 Themis	C, B, C	－	－	－	－	－	0.0641
41 Daphne	C, Ch, Ch	－	－	0.073	0.0828	0.0828	－
51 Nemausa	C, Ch, Cgh	－	0.060	0.086	0.0928	0.0928	0.0997
52 Europa	CF, C, C	－	－	0.057	0.0578	0.0578	0.0472
54 Alexandra	C, C, Cgh	－	－	0.050	0.0555	0.0555	0.0492
76 Freia	P, X, C	－	－	0.029	0.0362	0.0362	0.0486
85 Io	FC, B, C	－	－	0.068	0.0666	0.0666	0.0630
90 Antiope	C, C, C	－	－	0.051	0.0603	0.0603	0.0569
93 Minerva	CU, C, C	－	－	0.085	0.0881	0.0733	－
128 Nemesis	C, C, C	－	－	0.045	0.0504	0.0504	0.0504
147 Protogeneia	C, C, C	－	－	0.029	0.0492	0.0492	－
171 Ophelia	C, C, –	－	－	0.054	0.0615	0.0615	0.0773
316 Goberta	–, C, –	－	－	－	0.0925	0.0925	0.0588
324 Bamberga	–, C, –	0.03	0.036	－	0.0628	0.0628	0.0063
379 Huenna	B, C, –	－	－	0.045	0.0587	0.0587	0.0654
410 Chloris	C, Ch, –	－	－	0.054	0.0554	0.0554	0.0432
444 Gyptis	C, C, C	－	－	0.044	0.0512	0.0490	0.0428
511 Davida	C, C, –	0.06	0.060	0.053	0.0540	0.0540	0.0681
654 Zelinida	C, Ch, –	－	－	0.043	0.0425	0.0425	0.0428
688 Melanie	–, C, C	－	0.040	－	0.0599	0.0599	0.5330
702 Alauda	C, B, –	－	－	0.056	0.0587	0.0587	0.0545
814 Tauris	C, C, –	－	－	－	0.0499	0.0470	0.0444
注　小行星分类引自文献[25–27]。

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表 2 C型小行星和Murchison 陨石的0.7 μm和3 μm吸收强度

Table 2. 0.7 μm and 3 μm absorption strengths of the C-type asteroids and Murchison meteorites

小行星	0.7 μm	3 μm	Murchison陨石/℃	0.7 μm	3 μm
10 Hygiea	0.0023	–0.2502	400	0.0507	–0.3070
24 Themis	0.0055	–0.0498	500	0.0457	–0.2200
31 Euphrosyne	0.0061	–0.0007	600	0.0124	–0.0275
36 Atalante	0.0147	–0.1508	700	0.0194	0.0194
51 Nemausa	–0.0326	–0.4950	800	0.0064	0.0359
52 Europa	–0.0010	0.0305	900	0.0524	0.0524
173 Ino	0.0028	–0.0094	1000	0.0233	0.0233
313 Chaldaea	–0.1612	–0.0414	－	－	－
344 Desiderata	0.0153	–0.1985	－	－	－
386 Siegena	–0.0349	–0.2614	－	－	－
410 Chloris	–0.0093	–0.2744	－	－	－
511 Davida	0.0116	–0.1010	－	－	－
注　吸收强度计算。 0.7 μm：ln R_(0.701)–[0.152 ln R_(0.550)+0.151 ln R_(0.853)]/0.303。 3 μm：ln R_(2.9~3.0)–ln R_(2.3~2.5)。

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表 3 太阳风注入实验模拟相关实验参数

Table 3. Experimental parameters related to solar wind injection simulation

	样品	离子类型	能量/keV	最大通量/cm^–2	光谱范围/μm	光谱变化
Ref. [53]	Allende粉末	H⁺, Ar⁺	40	3×10¹⁶ ion	0.4~50	变红变暗
Ref. [54]	CV/CO/CM/CI/Tagish Lake/橄榄石/ 辉石粉末	He⁺	40	6×10¹⁶ ion	0.4~16	CV/CO：变红变暗；CM/CI/Tagish Lake：变蓝变亮橄榄石/辉石：变红变暗
Ref. [55]	CM MET01072薄片和CI Y 980115粉末、薄片	He⁺	20	6×10¹⁶ ion	0.4~15	CM:薄片样品变亮变蓝 CI: 粉末样品变蓝变亮，而薄片样品变红，无明显变亮
Ref. [57]	橄榄石粉末	He⁺	4	3×10¹⁸ ion	0.66~2.5	变红变暗
Ref. [58]	Murchison薄片	He⁺	4	1×10¹⁸ ion	2.4~3.8	变红变暗
Ref. [59]	Murchison粉末	Ar⁺, He⁺	40	3×10¹⁶ ion	0.4~16	Ar⁺：粉末样品变红变亮 He⁺：粉末样品变红变暗
Ref. [60]	Murchison薄片	H⁺, He⁺	1,4	1.1×10¹⁸ He⁺ 8.1×10¹⁷ H⁺	0.35~2.50	变亮变红
Ref. [61]	Allende和Murchison粉末	Ar⁺, He⁺	40	3×10¹⁶ ion	2.5~12	变红
Ref. [62]	蛇纹石和皂石粉末	H⁺	10	1.7×10¹⁸ ion	1.5~5	蛇纹石：变蓝皂石：变红
Ref. [70]	天然沥青粉末	H⁺, Ar⁺, N⁺, He⁺	15~400	7.4×10¹⁵ H⁺ 6.2×10¹⁵ N⁺ 8×10¹⁵ Ar⁺ 2.5×10¹⁶ He⁺	0.3~2.5	变蓝变亮

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表 4 微陨石轰击实验模拟相关实验参数

Table 4. Experimental parameters related to micrometeorite bombardment simulation

文献	样品	脉冲持续时间	辐照激光能量/mJ	光谱范围/μm	光谱变化
Ref. [65]	Murchison粉末	6~8 ns 5~7 ns	0, 5, 10,15	0.25~14	变蓝变暗
Ref. [66]	Allende粉末	6000~12000次	30	0.4~0.5	变蓝
	Murchison粉末	48000次	30	0.35~2.5	变暗
	石墨粉末	48000次	30	0.35~2.5	无明显变化
Ref. [67]	Murchison粉末	N/A	0.7, 1, 2, 5	0.25~14	变蓝变暗
Ref. [68]	NWA 3118, Allende粉末	5~7 ns, 40 min	30	0.35~2.5	变红变暗
Ref. [69]	Murchison粉末	6~8 ns	0~15	0.25~14	变蓝变暗
Ref. [71]	Murchison薄片	6~8 ns	48	0.35~2.5	变蓝变暗
Ref. [72]	CI和CM陨石模拟样品	6~8 ns	3.5	0.25~0.9 0.75~2.5	变蓝变暗
Ref. [74]	Murchison薄片	6~8 ns	48	0.35~2.5	变蓝变暗
Ref. [75]	Murchison薄片	6~8 ns	48	0.35~14.3	变蓝变暗

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