太阳活动高低年广西及周边地区电离层时空频域特性
doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.06.2024-0002 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0002
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杨芸珍 女, 1995年11月出生于广西壮族自治区桂林市, 现为北部湾大学资源与环境学院讲师, 硕士研究生. 主要研究方向为GNSS电离层监测及应用研究. E-mail: yzyang@bbgu.edu.cn -
莫诗蕾 女, 2001年11月出生于广西壮族自治区玉林市, 现为北部湾大学资源与环境学院在读本科生. 主要研究方向为GNSS电离层监测及应用研究. E-mail: moshilei666@163.com
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Ionospheric TEC Variation in Guangxi and Surrounding during High and Low Solar Activity Years
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摘要: 电离层延迟是影响GNSS高精度定位和导航的重要误差. 本文利用CODE提供的2000－2021年GIM (Global Ionospheric Map) 数据, 以不同时间尺度研究广西及周边地区电离层TEC在2个太阳活动周期不同太阳活动程度下的时空变化特性. 结果表明: 太阳活动强度影响电离层TEC数值大小及变化特性; 电离层TEC在全年中具有双峰变化, 春秋季的季均值大于夏冬季, 太阳活动高年存在冬季异常, 但在太阳活动低年, 冬季异常仅出现在部分地区的部分时段; 在周日空间频域上, 经度每改变1°, 电离层TEC的变化量在太阳活动高年和太阳活动低年分别主要集中在–2～2 TECU和–1～1 TECU, 而纬度每改变1°, 电离层TEC的变化量在太阳活动高年和低年则分别主要集中在–3～1 TECU和–2～1 TECU, 整体呈现出纬度的TEC变化量较经度偏大; 在周日时间频域上, 电离层TEC的2 h和4 h改变量在太阳活动高年分别主要集中在–20～20 TECU和–40～40 TECU, 但在太阳活动低年则都集中在–20～20 TECU.Abstract: The ionospheric delay error is one of the important error sources that affect the high-precision positioning, navigation, and timing of Global Navigation Satellite System. Using the GIM (Global Ionospheric Map) data provided by CODE from 2000 to 2021 year, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ionospheric TEC is analyzed in Guangxi and its surrounding areas at different levels of solar activity in two solar activity cycles, including annual, seasonal, 2-hour, and 4-hour time scales. The result show that the numerical magnitude and variation characteristics of ionospheric TEC are influenced by the intensity of solar activity. The ionospheric TEC during the high solar activity years is significantly greater than that during the low solar activity years. The ionospheric TEC exhibits a “bimodal” pattern throughout the year. The seasonal average ionospheric TEC in spring and autumn is greater than that in summer and winter. The ionospheric TEC exhibits a “winter anomaly” during the high solar activity years, but only appears in parts of regions in certain time periods during the low solar activity years. On the spatial frequency domain, with 1° change in longitude from east to west, the variation of ionospheric TEC is mainly concentrated at –2～2 TECU and –1～1 TECU during the high solar activity years and low solar activity years, respectively. With 1° change in latitude from south to north, they are mainly concentrated at –3～1 TECU and –2～1 TECU during the high solar activity year and low solar activity year, respectively. Overall, the variation of ionospheric TEC in the latitude direction is larger than that in the longitude direction. On the time frequency domain, the ionospheric TEC variation increases with the increase of time interval. The 2-hour and 4-hour variations of the ionospheric TEC showed that a normal distribution, and they are mainly concentrated at –20～20 TECU and –40～40 TECU during the high solar activity years, respectively. But they are all concentrated at –20～20 TECU during the low solar activity years.
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图 2 2000－2021年各格网点电离层TEC日均值
Figure 2. Changes in daily mean of ionospheric TEC from 2000 to 2021
图 3 2000－2021年电离层TEC与太阳活动指数的相关性
Figure 3. Correlation between ionospheric TEC and solar activity index from 2000 to 2021
图 4 太阳活动高年和太阳活动低年105°E电离层TEC等值线
Figure 4. Ionospheric TEC contour map at 105°E for high and low solar activity years
图 5 经度差1° 时TEC差值的最大值、最小值和差值绝对值的平均值
Figure 5. Maximum, minimum, and average of absolute values of TEC variations with 1° longitude interval
图 6 纬度差1° 时TEC差值的最大值、最小值和差值绝对值的平均值
Figure 6. Maximum, minimum, and average of absolute values of TEC variations with 1° latitude interval
图 7 经度与纬度均相差1°时的TEC差值分布
Figure 7. Distribution of TEC variations with 1° longitude interval and 1° latitude interval
图 8 2 h间隔电离层TEC差值的最小值、最大值及差值绝对值的平均值
Figure 8. Maximum, minimum, and average of absolute values of TEC variations with 2 h interval
图 9 4 h间隔电离层TEC差值的最小值、最大值和差值绝对值的平均值
Figure 9. Maximum, minimum, and average of absolute values of TEC variations with 4 h interval
图 10 不同时间间隔电离层TEC差值分布
Figure 10. Distribution of ionospheric TEC differences at different time intervals
表 1 经度与纬度均相差1°时的电离层TEC差值
Table 1. Ionosphere TEC variations with 1° longitude interval and 1° latitude interval
TEC变化量 2002年 2009年 2014年 2020年 个数 占比/(%) 个数 占比/(%) 个数 占比/(%) 个数 占比/(%) 经差 < –3 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 –3～–2 81 0.15 0 0.00 28 0.05 0 0.00 –2～–1 3087 5.87 3 0.01 2195 4.18 0 0.00 –1～0 26581 50.57 25662 48.82 24351 46.33 53461 50.72 0～1 18992 36.13 26895 51.17 24162 45.97 51943 49.28 1～2 3776 7.18 0 0.00 1820 3.46 4 0.00 2～3 41 0.08 0 0.00 4 0.01 0 0.00 > 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 纬差 < –3 9917 18.87 3 0.01 8959 17.05 8 0.01 –3～–2 8162 15.53 339 0.64 7360 14.00 1165 1.11 –2～–1 11791 22.43 5622 10.70 10649 20.26 11401 10.82 –1～0 14605 27.79 27258 51.86 15957 30.36 49695 47.15 0～1 6819 12.97 19337 36.79 9272 17.64 43139 40.93 1～2 816 1.55 1 0.00 337 0.64 0 0.00 2～3 328 0.62 0 0.00 26 0.05 0 0.00 > 3 122 0.51 0 0.00 0 0.02 0 0.00 
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表 2 不同时间间隔电离层TEC差值
Table 2. Ionospheric TEC variations with different time interval
时差 TEC变化量 2002年 2009年 2014年 2020年 个数 占比/(%) 个数 占比/(%) 个数 占比/(%) 个数 占比/(%) 2 h < –60 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 –60～–40 24 0.04 0 0.00 1 0.00 0 0.00 –40～–20 5568 8.69 12 0.02 2243 3.50 7 0.01 –20～0 29679 46.33 33563 52.39 32847 51.27 69647 54.21 0～20 18171 28.36 30488 47.59 24463 38.19 58826 45.79 20～40 9953 15.54 1 0.00 4467 6.97 0 0.00 40～60 669 1.04 0 0.00 43 0.07 0 0.00 > 60 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 h < –60 90 0.15 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 –60～–40 3186 5.47 0 0.00 835 1.43 0 0.00 –40～–20 12267 21.06 552 0.95 9957 17.10 1071 0.92 –20～0 13453 23.10 27279 46.84 17757 30.49 55139 47.21 0～20 9564 16.42 30013 51.53 15457 26.54 59475 50.92 20～40 10964 18.83 396 0.68 10573 18.15 1115 0.95 40～60 5860 10.06 0 0.00 3256 5.59 0 0.00 > 60 2856 4.90 0 0.00 405 0.70 0 0.00
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