Analysis of Micrometeoroid Environment Characteristics Using Meteor Radar Data from the Meridian Project
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摘要: 微流星体是威胁我国空间航天器安全的重要因素,历史上曾发生多次由于流星体撞击导致航天器异常的事件,开展流星体环境的建模研究意义重大。本研究基于中国子午工程漠河站的观测数据,反演了近地空间微流星体的特征,分析了我国中高纬度上空微流星体的数量、速度、高度、方位角、天顶角及通量等时空分布特征,并反演了其质量等物理特性。结果表明流星体活动呈现明显季节与昼夜波动差异,夏季多于冬季,夜间高于白天;空间分布不均,主要集中在西北方向;速度多在20~80 km/s之间,高度集中于75~125 km。反演通量结果与经典Grün模型对比发现,对于大尺寸的流星体通量结果二者的一致性较好。该研究可为我国自主流星体环境建模研究提供技术支撑。
Abstract: Micrometeoroids represent a significant factor threatening the safety of China's spacecraft in space. Historically, numerous incidents of spacecraft anomalies due to meteoroid impacts have been reported, therefore, conducting modeling studies on the meteoroid environment is of great significance. This study utilizes observational data from the Mohe Station of China's Meridian Project to inverse the characteristics of micrometeoroids in near-Earth space, analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of micrometeoroids over China's mid-to-high latitudes (including their number, velocity, altitude, azimuth, zenith angle, and flux), and retrieve their physical properties such as mass. The results indicate that meteoroid activity exhibits distinct seasonal and diurnal variations: activity is higher in summer than in winter and significantly higher at night than during daytime. In addition, the spatial distribution of meteoroids is non-uniform and primarily concentrated in the northwest direction; their velocities predominantly range between 20 and 80 km/s, and altitudes are mainly concentrated between 75 and 125 km. Comparing the inversed flux results with the classical Grün model revealed good consistency between the two sets of results for larger-sized meteoroids' flux. This research can provide technical support for developing China's independent meteoroid environment modeling studies.
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