1 bit Sigma-Delta数字磁通门磁强计仿真
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.03.2024-0061 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0061
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吕尚 男, 1995年3月出生于吉林省吉林市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心博士生, 主要研究方向为地球与空间探测技术. E-mail: lvshang18@mails.ucas.ac.cn -
王劲东 男, 研究员, 博士生导师, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心天气室太阳系探测组主任, 主要研究方向为高精度空间磁场探测技术及应用. E-mail: wjd@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Simulation Study of 1 bit Sigma-Delta Digital Fluxgate Magnetometer
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摘要: 设计了一种基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计, 并利用Matlab Simulink工具对其进行仿真建模与分析, 获得了系统在噪声、线性度、动态响应速度以及频率响应等方面的性能参数. 在±1000 nT量程范围内, 该磁强计系统在1 Hz处的噪声为0.17 pT·Hz–1/2, 最大线性误差为1.04 pT, 动态响应速度为1.07×103 nT·s–1, 频率响应带宽超过30 Hz. 仿真结果证实, 采用1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术显著提高了数模转换器(Digital-to-Analog Converter, DAC)的转换精度, 有效降低了数字磁强计系统的本底噪声和非线性误差, 显著提升了数字磁强计的性能. 基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计性能指标能够满足高精度磁场探测任务的要求, 为空间磁场探测领域提供了一种高精度、高可靠性的探测手段, 在深空探测及空间科学领域具有广泛的应用前景.
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关键词:
- 数字磁通门磁强计 /
- 1 bit DAC /
- Sigma-Delta调制器 /
- Simulink工具
Abstract: A high-resolution digital fluxgate magnetometer is designed based on the 1 bit sigma-delta modulation technique with 24 bits measurement resolution. By using Matlab Simulink tool kits, the digital fluxgate magnetometer system was simulated and analyzed, the performance parameters of the system in terms of noise, linearity, dynamic response speed and frequency response are obtained. The simulation result shows that, in the range of ±1000 nT, the magnetometer system has a noise floor of 0.17 pT˙Hz–1/2 at 1 Hz, a maximum linearity error of 1.04 pT, a dynamic response speed of 1.07×103 nT˙s–1, and a -3 dB bandwidth of more than 30 Hz. The use of a 1 bit Sigma Delta modulator, significantly improves the conversion accuracy of the DAC (digital-to-analog converter), reduces the noise level and non-linearity of the magnetometer system, and significantly improves the overall performance of digital fluxgate magnetometer. This system is able to meet the requirements of long life, high precision and high reliability of space magnetic field exploration tasks, provides a high-precision and high-reliability detection means for the field of space magnetic field detection, showing its wide application prospects in the field of deep space exploration and space science.-
Key words:
- Digital fluxgate magnetometer /
- 1 bit DAC /
- Sigma Delta modulator /
- Simulink
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图 6 1 bit 5阶单环Sigma-Delta调制器
Figure 6. 1 bit 5-order single loop Sigma-Delta modulator
图 7 1 bit Sigma-Delta DAC数字部分输出信号功率谱密度
Figure 7. Power Spectral Density (PSD) of 1 bit Sigma-Delta DAC digital section output signal
表 1 数字磁强计的性能参数
Table 1. Performance parameters of digital magnetometer
探测任务 测量范围/nT 噪声/(nT·Hz–1/2) 分辨率/bit 采样率/Hz 风云三号05星 ±65000 0.01 24 50 SMILE ±64000/±12800 0.005 24 40 金星快车卫星 ±262/±524 0.01 20 1, 32, 128 THEMIS ±25000 0.01 20 128 MMS ±10500/±650 0.008/0.001 24 128 
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表 2 1 bit数字磁通门磁强计参数
Table 2. Parameters of modules in 1 bit digital fluxgate magnetometer
磁通门模块 参数 输入信号频率/Hz 10 输入信号量程/nT ±1000 1 bit ADC采样频率/MHz 1.024 相敏检波参考频率/kHz 20 积分器采样频率/MHz 1.024 Sigma-Delta调制器位数/bit 1 反馈模拟滤波器通带/Hz 5000 输出CIC降采样滤波器抽取率 8000 输出信号频率/Hz 128
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表 3 不同量化位数的数字磁通门磁强计仿真系统性能对比
Table 3. Performance comparison of digital fluxgate magnetometer simulation systems with different quantization bits
仿真AD位数/bit 噪声功率谱密度/(Hz·pT–1·Hz–1/2) 线性度/% 动态响应速度/(nT·s–1) 频率响应(-3 dB带宽)/Hz 1 0.17 5.21×10–7 1.068×105 32.79 8 1.40 5.70×10–5 1.399×105 35.60 12 0.98 4.33×10–5 1.396×105 35.40 16 0.73 2.40×10–5 1.385×105 35.32 20 0.42 1.95×10–5 1.343×105 34.90
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