NeQuick G模型与COSMIC-2掩星数据在电离层层析算法中的使用
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.04.2024-0077 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0077
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张姗姗 女, 1999年10月出生于河北省衡水市, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为卫星导航技术、电离层/大气层遥感遥测、层析成像与探测. E-mail: 1821364922@qq.com -
徐硕 男, 1999年9月出生于安徽省六安市, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为神经网络架构、卫星导航技术、电离层/大气层遥感遥测、层析成像与探测. E-mail: 1572943329@qq.com -
侯秀泽 男, 2001年2月出生于海南省海口市, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为卫星导航技术、电离层/大气层遥感遥测、层析成像与探测. E-mail: 2775884857@qq.com -
尹萍 女, 1970年出生于天津, 现为中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院副研究员, 博士, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为卫星导航技术、电离层/大气层遥感遥测、层析成像与探测等. E-mail: pyin2001@hotmail.com
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Use of NeQuick G Model and COSMIC-2 Occultation Data in Ionospheric Tomography Algorithm
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摘要: 作为电离层监测的有效手段, 全球导航卫星系统气象、电离层和气候的星座观测系统2(COSMIC-2)掩星提供了实测的电离层剖面资料, 而NeQuick G模型则能提供电离层在任意时空的电子密度和总电子含量模型数据. 电离层层析算法虽然能重构任意时间, 特别是电离层扰动下大尺度的电子密度时空分布, 但其算法也受到数据覆盖不均匀、垂向反演精度较低的局限. 本文通过对电离层层析算法的改进, 不仅融合NeQuick G模型和COSMIC-2的剖面观测资料, 还使用COSMIC-2数据作为层析算法的输入之一, 重构了武汉WU430站和韩国JJ433站等站上空2021年11月3日和4日电离层扰动阶段的电子密度分布. 同时, 利用测高仪数据对层析反演出的F2层峰值密度(NmF2)和峰值高度(hmF2)进行了评估.
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关键词:
- NeQuick G模型 /
- COSMIC-2掩星 /
- 电离层 /
- 层析算法
Abstract: As effective means of ionospheric monitoring, NeQuick G model and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) have been providing plenty of information for characterizing ionospheric conditions. For example, the NeQuick G model is an empirical model that can offer estimated ionospheric electron density and Total Electron Content (TEC) data at any given time and location, while COSMIC-2 yields measured electron density profiles via radio occultation techniques, thus providing direct observations of vertical ionospheric structures. With the development of ionospheric tomograhic techniques based on GNSS data, four-dimensional (spatio-temporal) distribution of electron density can be reconstructed globally even during periods of ionospheric disturbances. However, such tomographic techniques are often limited by uneven data coverage (non-uniform distribution of observation paths) and low vertical resolution in the inversion, which may reduce reconstruction accuracy. In this study, an improved three-dimensional ionospheric tomography approach is presented, adapting the Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS) algorithm to integrate NeQuick G model electron density profiles and COSMIC-2 occultation observations. By incorporating a background model and direct profile measurements, the tomography inversion receives additional constraints that help mitigate issues of data sparsity and improve vertical structure accuracy. Take a case study as an example, this improved MIDAS tomographic method is applied to reconstruct the ionospheric electron density distribution over the Wuhan station (WU430), China and one South Korean station (JJ433) during the period of ionospheric disturbance between November 3 and 4 in 2021. Besides, ionosonde observation data from these two stations are used as the independent measurements to evaluate the inversion results in term of peak electron density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) of the F2 layer, as well as electron density profiles. The comparsion results show that the improvement percentage of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of NmF2 tomographic results was up to 30.7%, and the RMSE improvement percentage of hmF2 tomographic results was up to 59.21%.-
Key words:
- NeQuick G model /
- COSMIC-2 occultation /
- Ionosphere /
- Tomographic algorithm
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图 2 2021年11月3日 (a) 和4日 (b) 08:00 UT武汉站电离层模型剖面以及COSMIC-2掩星数据与测高仪剖面的对比
Figure 2. Comparison of WU430 ionospheric model profiles, COSMIC-2 radio occultation data, and ionosonde profiles on 3 (a) and 4 (b) November 2021 at 08:00 UT
图 4 2021年11月4日 00:00 UT－24:00 UT地面测高仪站点分布以及地面GPS和掩星GPS/GLONASS IPP的轨迹
Figure 4. Distribution of four ionosondes and IPP trajectories of ground GPS and COSMIC-2 GPS/GLONASS between 00:00 UT and 24:00 UT on 4 November 2021
图 5 2021年11月3日 (a) 和4日 (b) 12:00 UT 武汉站不同EOF的层析剖面结果与测高仪剖面对比
Figure 5. Comparison of different EOFs generated from profile results with ionosonde profiles at WU430 station at 12:00 UT on 3 (a) and 4 (b) November 2021
图 6 2021年11月3日和4日基于不同输入数据的层析结果与测高仪NmF2的对比
Figure 6. Comparison between tomographic results with different input data and ionosonde NmF2 on 3 and 4 November 2021
图 7 2021年11月3日和4日基于不同输入数据的层析结果与测高仪hmF2对比
Figure 7. Comparison between tomographic results with different input data and ionosonde hmF2 on 3 and 4 November 2021
图 8 2021年11月3日 (a) 和4日 (b) 电子密度随时间和高度的分布
Figure 8. Changes of electron density over time and height on 3 (a) and 4 (b) November 2021
表 1 2021年11月3日和4日层析结果与测高仪NmF2误差 (单位: 1011 × m–3)
Table 1. NmF2 errors (Unit: 1011 ×m–3) between tomographic results and ionosonde data on 3 and 4 November 2021
日期 站点 地基GPS+IRIEOF 地基GPS+NQCOSEOF 多源+NQCOSEOF(有输入数据时间段) Mean RMSE Mean RMSE RMSE改进
百分比/(%)Mean RMSE RMSE改进
百分比/(%)2021-11-03 JJ433 1.13 1.57 1.42 1.91 ― 1.22 1.8 ― WU430 1.94 2.28 1.95 2.30 ― 1.24 1.58 30.7 Qingdao 1.19 1.43 1.25 1.57 ― 1.09 1.49 ― Guangzhou 6.07 7.68 6.14 7.77 ― 5.04 6.37 17.0 2021-11-04 JJ433 2.38 3.38 2.32 3.30 2.37 1.81 2.68 20.7 WU430 1.94 3.01 1.97 3.01 ― 2.14 2.82 6.31 Qingdao 2.04 2.77 1.91 2.66 3.97 1.74 2.25 18.77 Guangzhou 3.87 6.09 4.22 6.40 ― 3.60 5.63 7.55 
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表 2 2021年11月3日和4日层析结果与测高仪hmF2误差 (单位: km)
Table 2. hmF2 errors between tomographic results and ionosonde data on 3 and 4 November 2021 (Unit: km)
日期 站点 地基GPS+IRIEOF 地基GPS+NQCOSEOF 多源+NQCOSEOF(有输入数据时间段) Mean RMSE Mean RMSE RMSE改进
百分比/(%)Mean RMSE RMSE改进
百分比/(%)2021-11-03 JJ433 53.21 66.26 45.20 51.79 21.84 24.31 35.62 46.24 WU430 53.64 65.65 28.49 33.34 49.22 19.57 26.78 59.21 QingDao 16.82 25.57 20 26.25 ― 10 13.33 47.87 GuangZhou 48.17 53.78 28.13 32.06 40.39 18.13 27.67 50.41 2021-11-04 JJ433 49.27 64.56 46.53 58.52 9.36 36.41 52.36 18.90 WU430 42.38 51.36 44.60 54.80 ― 42.37 57.68 ― QingDao 47.34 56.90 38.57 47.43 16.64 35.71 47.58 16.28 GuangZhou 58.22 69.91 57.22 72.21 ― 51.67 75.88 ―
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