航天器对小行星抵近探测过程中的视频超分辨方法
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.01.2025-0002 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0002
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陈宇涵 男, 现就读于中国科学院国家空间科学中心, 硕士研究生, 专业为计算机技术. 主要研究方向为图像处理技术. E-mail: 1027690140@qq.com
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Video Super-resolution Method for Spacecraft Approaching and Detecting Asteroids
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摘要: 针对抵近探测中平台运动、抖动导致的动态图像序列模糊及分辨率低的问题, 提出了一种基于BasicVSR++的视频超分辨方法. 通过引入空间和通道注意力机制强化细节特征提取, 结合共享投射权重、多组机制和采样点调制优化对齐模块, 弥补正则卷积在长距离依赖与自适应空间聚集的不足. 采用下采样与低通滤波器结合的方式, 减少高频成分, 提升抗图像抖动鲁棒性, 同时引入新上采样模块, 通过融合局部与全局特征生成自适应上采样核, 进一步扩展感受野, 以更好地恢复全局结构并重建细节. 仿真实验结果显示, 本文提出的方法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)指标上, 分别比原始方法提高了2.2%和2.1%, 验证了本文方法在抵近探测图像序列超分辨率重建质量提升方面的有效性.Abstract: In the imaging process of approach detection, dynamic image sequences often have problems such as image blur and insufficient resolution due to platform movement and jitter. This paper studies the super-resolution of image sequences in the process of approach detection and proposes a video super-resolution method based on Basic VSR++. By introducing spatial and channel attention mechanisms to enhance the model’s ability to extract detail features, combined with shared projection weights, multi-group mechanisms and sampling point modulation, the effect of the alignment module is improved. While improving the network feature extraction capability, it makes up for the shortcomings of regular convolution in long-distance dependency and adaptive spatial aggregation. At the same time, downsampling is combined with a low-pass filter to reduce the high-frequency components of the image, which improves the robustness of the model to slight image jitter. In addition, a new upsampling module is introduced to combine local and global features, generate an adaptive upsampling kernel to expand the receptive field, and better restore the global structure and reconstruct details. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method improves the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) indicators by 2.2% and 2.1% respectively compared with the original method, which proves the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper in improving the quality super-resolution reconstruction of the image sequence in close proximity.
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图 7 BlurPool下采样结构及应用方式
Figure 7. BlurPool downsampling structure and application methods
图 8 不同超分辨率方法重建图像对比
Figure 8. Comparison of reconstructed images obtained by different super-resolution methods
图 9 添加噪声、提升分辨率及运动模糊场景下模型效果对比
Figure 9. Comparison of model effects under noise adding, resolution increasing and motion blur scenes
表 1 网络训练所用网络配置条件
Table 1. Configuration conditions used for network training
软硬件配置 型号/版本号 CPU Intel Core i7-12700 GPU NVIDIA RTX 3080 内存 12 GB 软件环境 Python3.9, CUDA12.1, Pytorch1.7.1 
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表 2 多干扰因素下模型成像指标对比
Table 2. Comparison of model imaging indicators under multiple interference factors
Metrics Bicubic SRCNN TOFlow EDVR RSDN BasicVSR++ Ours Add noise SSIM 0.8684 0.8654 0.8748 0.8912 0.8954 0.9008 0.9171 PSNR 28.61 29.54 29.67 30.69 30.95 31.28 31.82 Resolution changes SSIM 0.8625 0.8751 0.8779 0.8852 0.8952 0.9010 0.9173 PSNR 28.93 29.10 29.79 30.65 31.04 31.30 31.83 Motion blur SSIM 0.8586 0.8693 0.8767 0.8792 0.8972 0.9011 0.9174 PSNR 28.27 28.98 29.15 30.12 30.84 31.31 31.81
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表 3 模型消融实验结果
Table 3. Model ablation test results
Test No. CBAM CARAFE IDCN BlurPool PSNR/dB SSIM 1 × × × × 31.39 0.9019 2 √ × × × 31.51 0.9085 3 √ √ × × 31.72 0.9126 4 √ √ √ × 31.86 0.9176 5 √ √ √ √ 31.91 0.9181 注 符号√表示该实验组包含该模块, 符号×表示未包含该模块.
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