临近空间大气风场星载Fabry-Perot干涉仪设计及仿真结果分析
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0041 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0041
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孙翼然 男, 2000年出生, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为空间光学遥感技术. E-mail: sunyiran22@mails.ucas.ac.cn -
王后茂 男, 1986年出生, 现为国家空间科学中心副研究员, 主要研究方向为大气气溶胶和风场反演及交叉定标等. E-mail: hmwang@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Design and Simulation Results Analysis of a Spaceborne Fabry–Perot Interferometer for the Near-Space Atmospheric Wind Field
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摘要: Fabry-Perot干涉仪(FPI)是较为重要、广泛应用的临近空间风场探测手段, 为弥补中国在天基FPI测风方面的空白, 中国科学院国家空间中心研发了一种星载FPI测风仪. 对此星载FPI测风仪的光学、结构与温控设计、光学仿真及结果进行分析. 根据宽波段的探测需求, 分析光学设计, 并对其成像系统进行像质评估. 基于光学仿真数据, 对星载FPI仪器进行风速反演与精度分析, 在557.7 nm和762.0 nm两个波段的风速误差分别为-1.722 m·s–1和-2.3672 m·s–1, 表明该星载仪器设计符合测风要求. 根据仪器的结构设计特点和成像部分温控方案, 提出一种平移式滤光片切换装置, 采用梯形螺杆加微型减速步进电机或微型直线电机驱动. 进而探讨了仪器核心组件标准具的控温精度与测风误差的关系, 采用了主被动相结合的设计, 降低温度变化对结果的影响, 并进行了仿真验证.
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关键词:
- Fabry-Perot干涉仪(FPI) /
- 临近空间 /
- 风速反演 /
- 星载仪器
Abstract: Currently, there are relatively few spaceborne methods for detecting near-space atmospheric wind fields, and the Fabry–Perot Interferometer (FPI) is one of the more important and widely used detection techniques. To address the gap in China’s space-based FPI wind sensing capabilities, the National Space Science Center developed a spaceborne FPI wind interferometer. This paper mainly introduces this instrument’s optical design, structural design, thermal control design, optical simulation, and result analysis. First, the optical design is discussed based on the wideband detection requirements, and the imaging system’s image quality is evaluated. Then, based on optical simulation data, wind speed inversion and accuracy analysis of the spaceborne FPI instrument are conducted. The wind speed errors at the 557.7 nm and 762.0 nm bands are –1.722 m·s–1 and –2.3672 m·s–1, respectively, indicating that the spaceborne instrument design meets the wind measurement requirements. Then, the key points of the instrument's structural design and the thermal control solution for the imaging part are presented, along with a translational filter switching device driven by a trapezoidal lead screw and a micro gear stepping motor or micro linear motor. The paper also explores the relationship between the temperature control accuracy of the instrument’s core components (the etalon) and wind measurement errors. A combined active and passive design is adopted to minimize the impact of temperature fluctuations on the results, which is verified with simulation results. -
图 8 0.05 K 温度变化下的形变仿真结果
Figure 8. Deformation simulation results at 0.05 K temperature change
表 1 风速反演结果
Table 1. Wind speed inversion results
序号 波段λ/nm 风速真值v0/(m·s–1) 风速反演值v1/(m·s–1) 偏差Δv/(m·s–1) 1 557.7 50 48.2780 –1.722 2 762.0 40 37.6328 –2.3672 
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表 2 标准具相关材料物性
Table 2. Etalon related material properties
材料 密度ρ/(kg·m–3) 热膨胀率α/K–1 泊松比ν 弹性模量E/GPa 热导率λ /(W·m–1·K–1) 殷瓦32-5合金 8150 6.3×10–7 0.23 144 13.9 康宁熔石英玻璃 2200 5.2×10–7 0.16 73 1.38 ZERODUR玻璃 2530 7×10–9 0.24 90.3 1.46
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表 3 标准具工作表面的位移值
Table 3. Displacement values for the etalon's work surface
位置 r =0 mm r=10 mm r=20 mm r=30 mm r=40 mm r=50 mm 前镜片工作表面位移/nm –0.0298 –0.0274 –0.0220 –0.0172 –0.0182 –0.0262 后镜片工作表面位移/nm –0.0273 –0.0344 –0.0344 –0.0385 –0.0369 –0.0273 腔长变化量Δd/nm –0.0025 0.0069 0.0124 0.0214 0.0187 0.0011
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