嫦娥七号月震仪载荷定标方法
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0121 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0121
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温哲 女, 1997年出生于河北省石家庄市, 现于中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所工作, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为地震探测技术及月震仪的研究. E-mail: wenzhe@mail.iggcas.ac.cn -
欧阳浩 男, 1997年9月出生于湖南省耒阳市, 现于华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心从事博士后研究, 主要研究方向为面向地球物理应用的高精度MEMS地震传感器电路设计与系统集成. E-mail: haoouyang@hust.edu.cn
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李伟良 男, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心副研究员, 主要研究方向为载荷结构设计. E-mail: liweiliang@nssc.ac.cn
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游庆瑜 男, 现为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员, 博士生导师, 中国国产OBS的主要研制者, 主要从事地震仪器装备的研制和地震数据处理工作. E-mail: qyyou0880@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
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刘骅锋 男, 1987年9月出生于河南省新乡市, 现为华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心教授, 博士生导师, 国家优青, 主要研究方向为面向空间科学和地球物理应用的高精度MEMS传感器和精密仪器等. E-mail: huafengliu@hust.edu.cn
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杨双 男, 1984年6月出生于山东省济宁市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心高级工程师, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为空间智能信息处理与应用. E-mail: yangshuang@nssc.ac.cn
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Calibration Method of Chang’E-7 Lunar Seismograph Payload
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摘要: 嫦娥七号任务计划在月球南极部署中国首台自主研制的月震仪, 用于监测天然月震与陨石撞击等事件激发的振动信号, 并开展为期八年的科学探测. 为保障月震仪在月球极端环境下的测量精度与长期工作的稳定性, 需建立系统的定标方法, 以确保其关键参数与技术指标符合科学探测与数据反演的要求. 依据地面地震计入网技术标准, 结合月震仪的带宽、动态范围、震级测量范围等性能要求, 设计了涵盖幅频响应、灵敏度及其误差、自噪声、量程等关键指标的地面定标试验方案. 此外, 针对在轨运行需求, 本文设计了月面在轨自主定标方案, 并提出基于人工震源的月面定标方法. 本研究构建了完整的月震仪功能与性能定标体系, 为月震仪从地面验证到在轨运行各阶段提供了系统的性能测试与评估依据, 为后续获取高精度月震数据并开展科学解析奠定了重要基础.Abstract: The Chang’E-7 mission will deploy China’s first independently developed lunar seismograph at the Moon’s south pole to record ground motions generated by moonquakes and meteoroid impacts. The instrument is designed for an eight-year operation lifetime aimed at characterizing the seismic activity and shallow interior structure of the Moon. To ensure measurement accuracy and long-term operational stability under the extreme conditions of the lunar environment, it is essential to establish a systematic calibration methodology. This will guarantee that the instrument’s key technical parameters and calibration indicators meet the requirements for scientific exploration and data inversion. Based on the technical criteria for ground-based seismograph network integration, and considering performance specifications such as bandwidth, dynamic range, and magnitude range, this paper proposes a comprehensive ground calibration test plan covering critical indicators, including amplitude-frequency response, sensitivity and sensitivity error, self-noise levels and measurement range. Furthermore, in accordance with the operational requirements during the lunar surface phase, an autonomous in-situ calibration scheme has been designed, along with a proposed manual source calibration method on the lunar surface. This study establishes a comprehensive calibration framework for the functionality and performance of the lunar seismograph, providing systematic procedures for performance testing and evaluation throughout all mission phases—from ground validation to in-situ operation on the lunar surface. The proposed framework lays an essential foundation for acquiring high-precision lunar seismic data and conducting subsequent scientific analyses.
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图 2 震级性能指标与加速度性能指标的对应关系
Figure 2. Correlation principles between magnitude and acceleration performance indicators
表 1 月震仪主要指标项
Table 1. Main performance indicators of the lunar seismograph
指标项 要求值 频带范围/Hz 1/120～100 动态范围/dB >120 测量范围 –4～+4级月震 
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表 2 月震仪主要性能指标与定标试验项目
Table 2. Main performance indicators of the lunar seismograph and the corresponding calibration test items
序号 名称 定标试验项目 任务要求规定的指标要求 宽频带月震计 MEMS月震计 1 测量带宽 振动台频带定标 1/120～10 Hz 1～100 Hz 2 震级测量范围 振动台量程定标 –4.0～+3.2级 –3.2～+4.0级 3 加速度测量范围 量程与自噪声 (2.5×10–9～2.5×10–3)g (16×10–9～16×10–3)g 4 自噪声 自噪声定标 优于2.5×10–9g /Hz1/2@1 Hz 优于16×10–9g/Hz1/2@10 Hz 5 灵敏度 振动台量程定标 2000±60 V/g 187±20 V/g 6 灵敏度标定误差 振动台量程定标 ≤3% ≤3% 7 动态范围 量程与自噪声 >120 dB >120 dB
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表 3 定标试验设备
Table 3. Calibration test equipment
名称 型号 生产单位 参数性能 加速度计标定测试
工作站3629 Brüel & Kjær 最大负载10 kg
频率范围0.1～200 Hz
激励信号: 步进正弦或双正弦高精度线性运动
测试台CDZ-50 浙江大学 最大负载40 kg
频率范围0.005～160 Hz
最大负载时的最大加速度0.2 g(峰值)高精度二自由度惯性测试台 TBL-D2208 北京航天控制仪器研究所 最大负载20 kg
转台转角范围±360°
转台角位置定位精度1″超低频振动基准装置 ― 中国计量科学研究院 包含垂直向振动和水平向振动
频率范围0.005～80 Hz
加速度失真度<1%
最大加速度20 m·s–2, 最大位移1000 mm
加速度测量不确定度0.2%～0.5%(k=2)
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