磁通门传感器开环测量温漂特性
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.03.2025-0055 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0055
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蒋娇 女, 1999年8月出生于四川省遂宁市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为磁通门磁强计的温度效应等. E-mail: jiangjiao0806@163.com -
周斌 男, 1979 年10月出生于辽宁省沈阳市, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心教授级高级工程师, 博士生导师, 主要从事空间环境磁场、电场探测技术研究. E-mail: zhoubin@nssc.ac.cn
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Temperature Drift Performance of Fluxgate Sensor with Open-loop Measurement
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摘要: 磁通门传感器具有随温度测量漂移的效应, 在对磁通门传感器开环和闭环测量电路的原理进行分析后, 研究了开环测量状态下磁通门传感器自身特性随温度变化的规律, 为闭环测量的温漂抑制提供了试验依据. 根据磁通门基本原理, 推导了开环测量和闭环测量的电路传递函数, 分析出开环测量的误差因素相比闭环测量更能直接反映出传感器自身特性. 通过双运放带通滤波器选通二次谐波并进行锁相放大测量, 可有效实现磁通门开环信号幅值与相位的测量. 根据磁通门传感器不同性能参数的特点, 设计性能温度试验. 在–40℃～+80℃的温度范围内, 试验结果表明, 磁通门传感器的零点漂移不超过±0.5 nT, 信号相位漂移达到60°, 开环增益变化为±5%左右, 噪声在4～7 pT·Hz1/2@1 Hz之间. 磁通门传感器开环测量仅信号相位出现了显著变化, 而闭环测量中相敏解调环节对信号相位具有高度敏感性, 通过试验可见磁通门信号相位漂移会导致闭环测量的零点出现显著漂移.Abstract: The magnetic fluxgate sensor exhibits a significant temperature effect in its practical applications. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the working principles of both open-loop and closed-loop measurement circuits commonly used with magnetic fluxgate sensors. Based on this theoretical foundation, the study focuses on how the sensor's intrinsic characteristics vary with temperature under open-loop conditions. The objective is to provide experimental evidence that can guide the design and optimization of temperature drift suppression techniques in closed-loop configurations. By building upon the fundamental operational principles of the magnetic fluxgate sensor, the paper derives and compares the circuit transfer functions for both open-loop and closed-loop measurement systems. It is demonstrated that the error sources present in open-loop measurements are more directly reflective of the sensor's own performance characteristics, as they are not masked by feedback mechanisms inherent in closed-loop designs. To achieve accurate and reliable open-loop signal detection, a dual-operational amplifier (dual-op-amp) bandpass filter was employed to isolate the second harmonic signal, followed by phase-locked amplification to precisely measure both the amplitude and phase of the open-loop output. Performance temperature tests were designed based on the distinct behaviors of different sensor parameters under thermal variation. Experimental results obtained over a temperature range from –40℃ to +80℃ show that the zero-point drift of the magnetic fluxgate sensor remains within ±0.5 nT, while the phase shift reaches up to 60°. Additionally, the open-loop gain varies by approximately ±5%, and the noise level fluctuates between 4～7 pT·Hz1/2 at 1 Hz. Although the signal phase is the only parameter that undergoes a substantial change in open-loop measurements, the phase-sensitive demodulation mechanism in closed-loop systems is highly responsive to such variations. Consequently, the observed phase drift has been experimentally verified to result in significant zero-point drift in closed-loop measurements.
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图 2 磁通门传感器开环系统功能
Figure 2. Functional block diagram of the open-loop magnetic fluxgate sensor
图 3 磁通门传感器闭环系统功能框图
Figure 3. Functional block diagram of the closed-loop magnetic fluxgate sensor
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