太赫兹空间探测系统中混合网络型宽带双工器技术
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.03.2025-0098 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0098
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丁江乔 男, 1987年出生于江苏省泰兴市, 现为南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院副教授, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为亚毫米波/太赫兹器件与技术, 固态有源收发电路, 空间探测技术等. E-mail: jqding@nuist.edu.cn -
蒋深舟 男, 1997年出生于安徽省铜陵市, 现为南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为太赫兹器件、固态电路. E-mail: jiangsz1337@163.com -
成加森 男, 1999年出生于安徽省滁州市, 现为苏州伏波电子科技有限公司射频工程师, 主要研究方向为微波、毫米波器件产品开发与设计. E-mail: chjs1999@163.com -
蒋露颖 女, 2000年出生于江苏省扬州市, 现为苏州伏波电子科技有限公司射频工程师, 主要研究方向为微波、毫米波器件产品开发与设计. E-mail: j1378423143ly@163.com -
朱皓天 男, 1989年10月出生于江苏省南京市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为太赫兹科学与技术、太赫兹星载辐射计系统及其关键技术. E-mail: zhuhaotian@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
Hybrid Network Based Broadband Diplexer Technology for Terahertz Space Exploration Systems
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摘要: 太赫兹空间探测系统正向多通道、多谱段和超宽带方向快速发展. 提出基于波导混合网络型的WR-4频段全频带双工器, 用于双频段固态系统中本振信号的合路泵浦. 该双工器基于混合网络的防反射、高隔离耦合等特性, 结合高阶数低通滤波器级联实现, 整体结构鲁棒, 且易于计算机数控(CNC)制备并系统集成. 研究内容主要包括WR-4全频带覆盖混合网络型双工器的原理设计, 分立单元器件混合器、滤波器的电路设计, 混合网络型双工器的电路综合、优化及其E面分裂式CNC铣削加工. 实测结果表明, 该WR-4频段双工器能够实现全频带划分, 含170～210 GHz和210～260 GHz两个通道, 通道内插损低至–1.5 dB和–1 dB, 其中一个通道的隔离高达50 dB, 所有测试结果与仿真数据高度一致. 此外, 该固态双工器电路具有易结构加工、易系统集成、易通道扩展和易频率拓展等特点.Abstract: Terahertz space exploration systems are undergoing rapid advancement, with clear trends toward multi-channel operation, multi-spectral capabilities, and ultra-wideband performance. To address the requirements of such evolving systems, this paper introduces a novel waveguide hybrid network-based diplexer covering the entire WR-4 band. This device is specifically engineered for local oscillator signal combining and feeding in dual-band solid-state architectures. The design capitalizes on the inherent advantages of hybrid networks, including their excellent anti-reflection properties and high isolation between ports, while incorporating cascaded high-order low-pass filter to achieve precise frequency separation. This configuration results in a mechanically robust assembly that is readily manufacturable using computer numerical control (CNC) techniques and easily integrated into larger systems. The development process encompassed several critical phases: initial conceptual and operational design of the hybrid-network diplexer for full WR-4 band coverage; detailed circuit design of individual components such as hybrid couplers and filters; followed by comprehensive circuit synthesis, optimization, and eventual physical realization through E-plane split-block CNC milling fabrication. Experimental verification confirms the diplexer's outstanding performance in dividing the complete WR-4 spectrum into two well-defined channels spanning 170～210 GHz and 210～260 GHz, respectively. The measured insertion loss remains remarkably low at –1.5 dB for the lower band and –1 dB for the upper band. Impressively, one channel demonstrates isolation characteristics reaching 50 dB, effectively minimizing inter-channel interference. All measured parameters show strong correlation with simulation results, validating both the design methodology and implementation approach. Beyond its core electrical performance, this solid-state diplexer circuit offers numerous practical benefits including simplified mechanical fabrication, straightforward system integration, effortless channel expansion, and straightforward frequency scaling. These attributes make the proposed design particularly suitable for next-generation terahertz systems requiring efficient signal separation and management, while providing a versatile platform for future system enhancements and architectural evolution. The combination of electrical performance, manufacturing practicality, and design flexibility positions this diplexer as an attractive solution for advanced terahertz applications.
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Key words:
- Waveguide /
- Low-pass filter /
- Hybrid network /
- Diplexer /
- WR-4 band /
- Terahertz
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图 2 六分支混合网络结构 (a)及其性能 (b)
Figure 2. Structure (a) and performance (b) of 6-branch hybrid network
图 3 经典低通滤波器的结构构建 (a) 及其等效电路 (b)
Figure 3. Classical low-pass filter. (a) Structural configuration, (b) equivalent circuit
图 4 非均匀阻抗结构型低通滤波器. (a) 波导b面结构参数, (b) 滤波器传输特性随长度比$ R $的变化曲线
Figure 4. Non-uniform impedance structure low-pass filter. (a) Structural parameters of the waveguide b-plane, (b) variation curve of filter transmission characteristics with length ratio$ R $
图 5 低通滤波器的三维结构模型 (a)及其性能响应 (b)
Figure 5. 3D structural model of the low-pass filter (a) and its performance response (b)
图 6 双工器的三维结构模型 (a) 及其性能响应 (b)
Figure 6. 3D structural model of the diplexer (a) and its performance response (b)
图 7 双工器的加工偏移结构模型 (a)及其性能响应 (b)
Figure 7. Offset analysis structural model of the diplexer (a) and its performance response (b)
图 8 双工器的工装结构(a)、装配后的腔体照片(b)以及和测试环境(c)
Figure 8. (a) Tooling structure of the diplexer, (b) cavity photo after assembly, and (c) test environment
表 1 低通滤波器物理尺寸 (单位: mm)
Table 1. Physical dimensions of the low-pass filter (Unit: mm)
Parameter Value Parameter Value a 1.092 w1 0.756 b 0.546 w2 0.76 l1 0.28 w3 0.79 l2 0.208 w4 0.79 l3 0.2 l4 0.2 
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