Progress of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Integrated Observation System (2024–2026)
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.04.2026-yg17 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2026-yg17
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Abstract: This paper systematically presents the comprehensive progress of the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellite integrated observation system during 2024–2026. With the successful launched of FY-3H polar-orbiting satellite and FY-4C geostationary satellite, the FY constellation has improved the polar four-orbit networking and geostationary two-satellite coordinated configuration, realizing optimized GEO-LEO satellites collaborative observation. Major breakthroughs have been made in hyperspectral detection, active microwave remote sensing, high-precision geolocation and radiometric calibration, as well as intelligent ground operation. The product system has been expanded to 85 geophysical parameters in six categories, with significant innovations in multi-source data fusion, physical-constrained retrieval and AI-driven algorithms. FY satellite data have been widely applied in weather forecasting, severe disaster monitoring, climate change assessment, ecological environment protection, space weather services and key industrial fields. Up to now, FY satellites have provided data and application services to 139 countries and regions, conducted international emergency support for disaster prevention and mitigation, and deeply participated in global meteorological governance. This paper summarizes the technological advances, application benefits and global contributions of the FY system, and prospects its future development in higher precision, intelligence and global services.
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Figure 1. Refined spectra of different detection targets for GAS-II (a-Cloud area, b-Land, c-Ocean). (a) Regional monitoring data acquired by GAS-II on global orbits. (b) High-resolution spectra (758–772 nm) for cloud, land, and ocean targets
Figure 2. X1.1 class solar flare observed by FY4 C/SUVI at wavelengths of 94 Å (a), 171 Å (b), 211 Å (c) and 304 Å (d) at 20:50 UTC on 30 June 2026
Figure 4. Fengyun Smart Brain: an intelligent command and decision platform for multi-satellite integrated operation control, satellite-ground monitoring, data quality evaluation, and application services
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of monthly average AOD retrievals obtained from MERSI-II during Jan. 2022 (a), Mar. 2022 (b), Jul. 2022 (c), and Nov. 2021 (d)
Figure 6. Spatial distributions of the AMSR2 all-weather SSWS (left column), MWRI SSWS retrieved by the LWDNN (middle column), and SMAP SSWS (right column) for typhoon MAWAR
Figure 7. Architecture of the TIEGCM-based inversion model for end-to-end mapping from observable data to latent ionosphere-thermosphere state variables
Figure 8. 4 h lead time nowcasting comparison of multiple models for the severe convective extreme rainstorm event in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region on 29 July 2023 associated with Typhoon Doksuri
Figure 11. Water reduction of the Dongting Lake induced by high temperature and drought monitored by FY-3D on 14 June (a) and 5 September (b) in 2022
Table 1. FY-3H remote sensing instruments
Instruments full name Acronym Status 1. Medium Resolution Spectral Imager-III MERSI-III Inherited 2. Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II HIRAS-II 3. Micro-Wave Temperature Sounder-III MWTS-III 4. Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder-II MWHS-II 5. Micro-Wave Radiation Imager-II MWRI-II 6. GNSS Radio Occultation Sounder-II GNOS-II 7. Ionospheric PhotoMeter-II IPM-II 8. Greenhouse-gases Absorption Spectrometer-II GAS-II New 9. Wide-field Auroral Imager-II WAI-II Improved 
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Table 2. Remote Sensing Instruments on FY-4C
Instrument Acronym Status 1. Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager AGRI Improved 2. Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder GIIRS 3. Lightning Mapping Imager LMI 4. Solar extreme-UltraViolet Imager SUVI New 5. Multi-band ionosphere Ultraviolet Spectral Imager MUSI 6. Solar X-ray and extreme-Ultraviolet Spectral fluxmeter SXUS
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