北京大学电离层高频多普勒频移监测仪研制发展历程
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0198 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0198
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郝永强 男, 中山大学教授、博士生导师, 主要从事电离层物理和电离层探测研究. 先后负责多项国家自然科学基金项目, 承担子午工程电离层高频多普勒监测仪研制任务. E-mail: haoyq@mail.sysu.edu.cn -
张东和 男, 北京大学教授、博士生导师, 从事空间物理、空间天气、电离层物理的教学和科研工作, 先后承担国家重大科研基础工程项目(子午工程)、国家基金委、863、973、行业专项等科研项目, 主要开展基于GNSS数据的电离层TEC和闪烁数据处理方法、耀斑的电离层效应、电离层闪烁形态与效应、平流层突然增温与电离层全球响应等方面的研究. E-mail: zhangdh@pku.edu.cn
作者简介:
Development and Scientific Achievements of the Ionospheric Doppler Sounder at Peking University: a Forty-Year Retrospective
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摘要: 肖佐教授自1985年以来领导研制了北京大学电离层高频多普勒频移监测仪, 实现了基于计算机的数字化数据采集系统, 对电离层扰动开展实时连续监测; 子午工程一期监测仪采用GPS驯服频率源与直接数字频率合成技术, 实现了技术升级和设备小型化; 子午工程二期进一步引入软件无线电技术与“一发三收”台阵设计, 形成多空间尺度监测网络. 基于长期的持续观测数据, 肖佐教授领导团队开展了电离层对太阳爆发、磁暴、台风、地震等响应的研究, 在地球空间多圈层耦合研究领域取得了系列开创性成果.
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关键词:
- 电离层高频多普勒频移 /
- 电离层扰动 /
- 地球空间多圈层耦合 /
- 子午工程
Abstract: Since 1985, Professor XIAO Zuo has led the development of the ionospheric Doppler sounder at Peking University. The initial system implemented a computer-based digital acquisition system capable of continuous real-time monitoring of ionospheric disturbances. During the Chinese Meridian Project Phase I, the instrument was upgraded using a GPS-disciplined frequency standard and direct digital synthesis technology, achieving improved performance and hardware miniaturization. In Phase II, further advances were made through the incorporation of software-defined radio techniques and an array configuration of one transmitter and three receivers, enabling a monitoring network that spans multiple spatial scales. Based on the long-term observational datasets obtained from these instruments, Professor Xiao’s team conducted pioneering studies on ionospheric responses to solar flares, geomagnetic storms, typhoons, and earthquakes, yielding seminal insights into multi-sphere coupling in geospace. This retrospective provides a comprehensive review of the technological evolution of the instrument and the associated scientific achievements, commemorating Professor Xiao’s academic legacy and his enduring contributions to space physics research. -
图 1 1985年高频多普勒监测仪设计方案及所用的56型接收机
Figure 1. System design schematic of the 1985 high-frequency Doppler shift monitor, and photograph of the Type 56 radio receiver
图 3 (a) 2004年12月26日苏门答腊地震后在北京获取的电离层高频多普勒记录(上)和地震波记录(下)[17]. (b)由上至下分别为2011年3月11日东日本地震后在北京记录的地震波、次声波、3～20 min周期带通滤波后的次声波[23]
Figure 3. (a) Co-located observations of ionospheric Doppler shift (upper panel) and seismic waveforms (lower panel) recorded in Beijing following the 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake [17]. (b) Seismic wave, infrasound signal recorded in Beijing, and band-pass filtered (3-20 min period) infrasound signal (from top to bottom), after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake [23]
图 4 1989年10月21日(a)和1991年3月24日(b)两次磁暴期间在北京观测到的多普勒频移记录
Figure 4. Doppler shift records during two major geomagnetic storms: (a) 21 October 1989 event and (b) 24 March 1991 event
图 5 子午工程一期电离层高频多普勒频移监测仪系统
Figure 5. System block diagram of the Doppler sounder for the Chinese Meridian Project Phase I
图 6 2011年3月11日东日本地震后, 北京与深圳两地电离层多普勒(DOP)记录和地震波(VHZ)记录(a)[23]及日本与中国境内多个地磁台站的地磁场D分量记录(b)[24]
Figure 6. Multi-point observations following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake. (a) Doppler shift records (DOP) from Beijing and Shenzhen stations and seismic waves (VHZ) records[23], (b) geomagnetic D-component variations observed at multiple sites in Japan and China [24]
图 8 (a) 2015年3月17日磁暴期间电离层高频多普勒(虚线)与GPS TEC(实线)同时观测到由高纬向低纬传播的大尺度行进式电离层扰动[28]. (b) 2012年3月8日磁暴急始时, 在11:20 UT附近观测到1.5 min周期的多普勒频移变化[26]
Figure 8. (a) Coordinated observations of ionospheric Doppler shift (dashed line) and GPS total electron content (solid line) during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, showing large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances propagating from high to low latitudes[28], (b) Doppler shift variations exhibiting 1.5-min-period oscillations observed near 11:20 UT after the sudden commencement of the 8 March 2012 geomagnetic storm [26]
图 9 子午工程二期高频多普勒监测仪系统
Figure 9. System architecture of the ionospheric Doppler sounding for the Chinese Meridian Project Phase II
图 10 2024年12月9日漠河区域监测到一次电离层中的短周期波动事件. (a)漠河地区三个接收站记录到的多普勒频移时间序列, (b) 三个接收站的地理位置(黄色圆点)和发射站位置(三角形), (c) 由三站观测反演得到波动传播方向和速度
Figure 10. Short-period ionospheric oscillations observed in the Mohe region on 9 December 2024. (a) Doppler shift time series recorded at three receiving stations, (b) geographical distribution of the three receivers (yellow dots) and the transmitter (triangle), (c) inverted wave propagation direction and velocity using the 3-receiver array
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