In-orbit Validation of SEM-II onboard FengYun-3E

HUANG Cong; LV Jingtian; LI Jiawei; SHEN Guohong; WANG Chunqin; ZHANG Shenyi; WANG Jingdong; KONG Linggao; LIU Chao; ZHANG Binquan; ZOU Hong; YU Xiangqian; WANG Xinyue; LIU Bin; WANG Yongfu; LIU Ying; YE Shanzhi; ZHANG Yiteng; XIAO Chijie; ZHANG Xianguo; ZONG Weiguo

doi:10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0226

In-orbit Validation of SEM-II onboard FengYun-3E

doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0226 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0226

HUANG Cong^{1, 2
,},
LV Jingtian^{1, 2},
LI Jiawei^{1, 2},
SHEN Guohong^{3, 4},
WANG Chunqin^{3, 4},
ZHANG Shenyi^{3, 4},
WANG Jingdong^{3, 4},
KONG Linggao^{3, 4},
LIU Chao^{3, 4},
ZHANG Binquan^{3, 4},
ZOU Hong⁵,
YU Xiangqian⁵,
WANG Xinyue^{3, 4},
LIU Bin^{3, 4},
WANG Yongfu⁵,
LIU Ying⁵,
YE Shanzhi^{3, 4},
ZHANG Yiteng^{3, 4},
XIAO Chijie⁵,
ZHANG Xianguo^{3, 4},
ZONG Weiguo^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
2.
Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081
3.
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
4.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190
5.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Funds: Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3901802) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42074223)

More Information

Author Bio:
male, born in December 1978 in Jilin City, Jilin Province, is currently the professorate senior engineer and the chief meteorologist at Space Weather Technology Research and Development Division of National Satellite Meteorological Center. His main research direction is space weather monitoring. E-mail: huangc@cma.gov.cn

摘要

Abstract: The new generation of Space Environment Monitor (SEM), SEM-II, onboard the Chinese meteorological satellite, FengYun-3E, has the ability to measure the charged particle ﬂux with particle energy from 30 eV to 300 MeV in multi-directions, the satellite surface potential, the radiation dose in sensors, and the geomagnetic field variations. The space environment detections derived from SEM-II can be utilized for satellite security designs, scientiﬁc studies, development of radiation belt models, and space weather event monitoring or disaster warning. In this paper, we introduce the SEM-II’s instrument characteristics, interpret the in-orbit calibration algorithm, perform the quantitative test to check the particle and the magnetic field detections’ biases by the cross-calibration methods, and do the qualitative tests to check whether the radiation dose and the surface potential detections follow the nature law of space environment by comparing with the historical records. The results show that the uncertainties of the particle detections are less than 20%, the uncertainties of the magnetic field detections are about 1%, the radiation dose and the surface potential detections coincide with the historical records and the space environment knowledge. The instruments’ responses to the space weather events are also presented.
- FengYun-3E /
- Space environment /
- Radiation effects /
- Energetic particles /
- Space technology
注释:
Conflict of Interests:

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Figure 1. SEM-II MEPD directions map

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Figure 2. SEM-II MEED directions map (Left is Sensor 1, Right is Sensor 2)

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Figure 3. SEM-II ASPD directions map

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Figure 4. SEM-II MFD assembly map, the yellow (GMR, Giant Magneto Resistive) and blue blocks (FGM, Flux Gate Magnetometer) on the satellite truss (green) indicate where the six sensors are deployed

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Figure 5. Radiation belt detections from SEM-II

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Figure 6. Particle inter-comparisons of FY-3E vs. N-19

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Figure 7. Geomagnetic field map from FY-3E_SEM-II_MFD compared with IGRF13. The way for these maps’ generation is like that in Fig. 5

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Figure 8. Quantitative comparisons of the total intensity between FY-3E_SEM-II_MFD and IGRF in August 2021

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Figure 9. Radiation dose detected by FY-3E_SEM-II_RDD, the different colors denote the accumulated radiation dose from the different sensors in X/Y/-Z directions

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Figure 10. Charging events observed by RSPD onboard FY-3E and FY-3D

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Figure 11. Plasma spectrum responses to the geomagnetic activity detected by ASPD onboard FY-3E

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Table 1. Instruments specifications of FY-3E/SEM-II

Instrument name	Observation object	Installation geometry	Sampling rate	Sensitivity	Channels
High energy particles detector	Integrated particle flux	3 directions in –X/Y/-Z with each direction’s view field ～ 40°	0.5 Hz	5% (ΔN/N)	6 energy bands for proton in 3-300 MeV; 5 energy bands for electron in 0.15-5.7 MeV

Medium energy proton detector	Integrated proton flux	18 directions with each direction’s view field ～ 20°	0.5 Hz	5% (ΔN/N)	12 energy bands for proton in 30 -5000 keV

Medium energy electron detector	Integrated electron flux	18 directions with each direction’s view field ～ 20°	0.5 Hz	5% (ΔN/N)	8 energy bands for electron in 30-600 keV

Radiation dose detector	Total radiation dose	3 probes installed on the interior surface of the outer wall of the satellite in X/Y/-Z	1/60 Hz	2 rad (Si)	Each probe has 2 channels: one’s range is for 3×10⁴ rad (Si), the other’s range is for 5×10³ rad (Si)

Surface potential detector	Surface potential	Relative Surface Potential Detector (RSPD) has 2 detectors: one faces to the night side, the other faces to the day side; Absolute Surface Potential Detector (ASPD)’s detail can be found in section 1.1.5	0.5 Hz	<15 V	RSPD has 2 channels; ASPD’s channels are illustrated in Figure 3

Magnetic field detector	Magnetic field	6 sensors deployed on the satellite’s truss	50 Hz	0.1 nT	Each sensor has three orthogonal channels to detect the magnetic field vectors

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Table 2. Statistics for the particle inter-comparisons (FY-3E vs. N-19) in Fig. 6

Time	Correlation coefficient	Slope	Average Relative Deviation (ASTD)	Spots number
FY-3E HEP –X vs. N-19 MEPED90: 3-5 MeV
Jul. 2021	0.94	1.10	20.22%	1971
Aug. 2021	0.95	1.15	23.35%	1957
Sept. 2021	0.96	1.15	20.39%	1953

FY-3E HEP –Z vs. N-19 OMNI: 35 - 275 MeV
Jul. 2021	0.99	0.93	19.92%	2065
Aug. 2021	0.99	0.86	17.03%	2077
Sept. 2021	0.99	0.85	17.74%	2077

FY-3E HEP –X vs. N-19 MEPED90: 0.1 - 1.1 MeV
Jul. 2021	0.96	1.14	23.46%	325
Aug. 2021	0.98	1.19	24.60%	326
Sept. 2021	0.99	1.17	24.41%	442

FY-3E HEP –X vs. N-19 MEPED90: 0.3 - 1.1 MeV
Jul. 2021	0.96	0.92	17.75%	325
Aug. 2021	0.97	0.98	13.13%	326
Sept. 2021	0.99	0.94	10.88%	442

FY-3E MEP –X vs. N-19 MEPED90: 80 - 240 keV
Jul. 2021	0.92	0.86	24.69%	1600
Aug. 2021	0.93	0.91	23.85%	1714
Sept. 2021	0.94	0.93	21.38%	1837

FY-3E MEP –X vs. N-19 MEPED90: 240-800 keV
Jul. 2021	0.95	0.99	20.87%	2089
Aug. 2021	0.96	1.05	20.04%	2040
Sept. 2021	0.96	1.05	19.29%	2101
FY-3E MEE vs. N-19 MEPED00: 30-100 keV
Sept. 2021	0.97	0.99	13.2%	1231

FY-3E MEE vs. N-19 MEPED90: 100-300 keV
Sept. 2021	0.98	1.00	15.9%	1231

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