2023年3－4月地磁暴期间全球电离层响应情况分析
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.05.2024-0198 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0198
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赵洪宇 女, 1990年6月出生于黑龙江省牡丹江市, 现为火箭军士官学校助教. 主要研究方向为电离层扰动过程研究、空间灾害性天气预报等. E-mail: yrovzl@126.com
作者简介:
Global Ionospheric Response to the Geomagnetic Storms from March to April 2023
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摘要: 利用IGS提供的全球电离层数据, 采用滑动四分位距法对2023年3－4月发生的两次橙色级别地磁暴期间的电离层扰动情况进行分析研究. 结果表明, 日冕物质抛射是引发两次地磁扰动的首要诱因, 当叠加暗条爆发等因素后, 会增强地磁暴发生的强度, 延长地磁扰动时间, 并使引发的电离层TEC扰动的发生过程及分布特征具有明显差异. 3月地磁暴期间的电离层扰动呈现东西向不对称分布, 而4月地磁暴期间的电离层扰动全过程表现为由正相扰动向负相扰动的转变. 此外, 东亚–澳洲(120°E)一线北半球的电离层TEC含量显著高于南半球, 电离层扰动期间的幅度变化在地磁暴恢复相阶段最为显著, 呈现出低纬正相扰动而中高纬负相扰动的分布规律.Abstract: By using the global ionospheric data provided by IGS, the sliding quartile range method is employed to study the ionospheric disturbances during the two geomagnetic storms occurred from March to April 2023, striving to provide theoretical basis for the distribution characteristics of ionospheric disturbances caused by geomagnetic storms under strong solar radiation background during the peak year of solar activity. Results show that both geomagnetic storms were caused by the CMEs generated on the surface of the Sun facing towards the Earth, which reached the Earth and triggered an increase in the velocity of the interstellar solar wind. The CMEs carried a southward magnetic field component and high-energy particles, causing magnetic reconnection with the Earth’s magnetic field and triggering geomagnetic disturbances. When other factors such as dark stripe bursts are superimposed on the coronal mass ejections, the intensity of geomagnetic storms are enhanced, causing significant differences in the occurrence and distribution characteristics of ionospheric TEC disturbances. The geomagnetic storm that occurred on 23－24 April 2023 was affected by the superposition of dark bars and CMEs, resulting in a stronger intensity and longer duration of the April geomagnetic storm. At the same time, there are significant differences in the occurrence process and distribution characteristics of ionospheric disturbances caused by two geomagnetic storms. The ionospheric disturbances during the March showed an asymmetric distribution in an east-west direction, while the entire process of ionospheric disturbance during the geomagnetic period in April exhibits a transition from positive phase disturbance to negative phase disturbance. Additionally, in the East Asia-Australia (120°E), the ionospheric TEC in the Northern Hemisphere line is significantly higher than that in the Southern Hemisphere. The amplitude changes of ionospheric disturbances are most significant during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms, showing a distribution pattern of positive disturbances at low latitudes and negative disturbances at middle-high latitudes.
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Key words:
- Geomagnetic storm /
- Ionosphere /
- TEC /
- Disturbance response
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图 1 2023年3月20－27日行星际空间环境
Figure 1. Interstellar space environment from 20 to 27 March 2023
图 2 2023年4月21－27日行星际空间环境
Figure 2. Interstellar space environment from 21 to 27 April 2023
图 3 2023年3月23日电离层TEC扰动情况(红色和蓝色虚线表示大致晨昏线, 红虚线以东为日半球)
Figure 3. Disturbance of ionospheric TEC on 23 March 2023 (The red and blue dashed lines represent the dawn dusk line, and to the east of the red dashed line is the solar hemisphere)
图 4 2023年3月24日电离层TEC扰动情况(红色和蓝色虚线表示大致晨昏线, 红虚线以东为日半球)
Figure 4. Disturbance of ionospheric TEC on 24 March 2023 (The red and blue dashed lines represent the dawn dusk line, and to the east of the red dashed line is the solar hemisphere)
图 5 2023年4月23日电离层TEC扰动情况(红色和蓝色虚线表示大致晨昏线, 红虚线以东为日半球)
Figure 5. Disturbance of ionospheric TEC on 23 April 2023(The red and blue dashed lines represent the dawn dusk line, and to the east of the red dashed line is the solar hemisphere)
图 6 2023年4月24日电离层TEC扰动情况(红色和蓝色虚线表示大致晨昏线, 红虚线以东为日半球)
Figure 6. Disturbance of ionospheric TEC on 24 April 2023 (The red and blue dashed lines represent the dawn dusk line, and to the east of the red dashed line is the solar hemisphere)
图 7 2023年3月21－27日磁暴期间东经120°E电离层TEC变化(虚线为地磁暴发生时间段)
Figure 7. Changes of ionospheric TEC at 120°E during the geomagnetic storm from 21 to 27 March 2023 (The dashed line represents the period of geomagnetic storm)
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