曲靖非相干散射雷达建设历程与观测研究进展

丁宗华; 吴健; 杨嵩; 代连东; 徐彬; 苗建苏

doi:10.11728/cjss2026.05.2026-0003

曲靖非相干散射雷达建设历程与观测研究进展

doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2026-0003 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2026-0003

丁宗华^{1, 2,},
吴健^{1, 3,},
杨嵩^{1, 2,},
代连东^{1, 2},
徐彬^{1, 3},
苗建苏^{1, 2}

1.
中国电波传播研究所　青岛　266107
2.
云南昆明电磁波环境国家野外科学观测研究站　曲靖　655000
3.
电波传播全国重点实验室　青岛　266107

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目资助(2025YFF0510702)

详细信息

作者简介:

丁宗华　男, 1978年10月出生于湖北省宜昌市, 现为中国电波传播研究所研究员, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为电离层中高层大气探测与建模、电波传播与应用等. E-mail: zhdingmou@163.com

吴健　男, 1962年8月生, 河南人, 博士, 研究员, 研究方向为电波环境探测与建模、电波传播理论与应用等. E-mail: wu.jian@139.com

杨嵩　男, 1992年1月生, 河南人, 硕士, 高级工程师, 研究方向为空间环境探测技术研究. E-mail: thunderlikeys@163.com

中图分类号: P352
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-03
- 修回日期: 2026-03-27
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-08

Construction Process and Measurement Progress of Qujing Incoherent Scatter Radar

DING Zonghua^{1, 2
,},
WU Jian^{1, 3
,},
YANG Song^{1, 2
,},
DAI Liandong^{1, 2},
XU Bin^{1, 3},
MIAO Jiansu^{1, 2}

1.
China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107
2.
Yunnan Kunming Electromagnetic Environment National Observation and Research Station, Qujing 655000
3.
National Key Laboratory of Radio Wave Propagation, Qingdao 266107

摘要

摘要: 非相干散射雷达是目前地基电离层探测的重要设备. 本文概述了中国曲靖非相干散射雷达早期论证与建设过程, 给出该雷达在电离层、空间碎片、月球探测方面的代表性结果, 分析了目前存在主要问题, 介绍了下一步观测计划. 结果表明, 曲靖非相干散射雷达可用于电离层电子密度与等离子体温度日变化、电子密度二维分布、电离层异常结构的探测以及双站接收实验, 支撑曲靖地区电离层变化与空间天气扰动研究; 可用于3 cm以上的低轨道空间碎片凝视探测, 给出距离、方位、仰角、散射截面、径向速度等参数, 进一步估算几何特征、运动姿态等, 支撑低轨道空间碎片监测预警; 可用于月球散射回波二维成像探测, 给出月球反照率等参数的空间分布, 支撑月球次表层资源探测.
- 非相干散射雷达 /
- 电离层 /
- 空间碎片 /
- 月球
Abstract: The Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) is the most powerful equipment for the ionosphere sounding on the ground. Some important events during the design and construction process of the Qujing ISR were described. Representative measurement results were introduced including the ionosphere, space debris and Moon measurement. The results show that this ISR can be used for the routine measurement of ionospheric electron density and plasma temperature in the fixed direction, the two-dimensional distribution in the scan mode, the abnormal structure of electron density, the bi-static receiving of the ionosphere. And it owns the ability of the space debris measurement with the size of more than 3 cm in the low Earth orbit in the beam parking mode, and the two-dimensional imaging and the scatter model correction of Moon. So Qujing ISR is of important value for the ionosphere and space environment measurement in China.
- Incoherent scatter radar /
- Ionosphere /
- Space debris /
- Moon
注释:
医学伦理:
1) 研究不涉及人体或动物实验.
利益冲突:
2) 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突.

HTML全文

图 1 1982年8月11日利用原110雷达探测得到的电离层电子密度(a)与电子–离子温度(b)剖面^[4]

Figure 1. Profiles of ionospheric electron density(a) and electron-ion temperature (b) observed by the original 110 radar on 11 August 1982

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图 2 2011年11月11日调试期间获得的有效电离层非相干散射回波功率谱(a)与功率信号(b)

Figure 2. Valid ionospheric echo power spectra (a) and power signal (b) recorded by the Qujing Incoherent Scatter Radar during the debugging period on 11 November2011

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图 3 2012年6月21日肖佐教授参加曲靖非相干散射雷达现场测试(a)与验收会议(b)

Figure 3. Prof. Xiao Zuo attended the site test (a) and acceptance meeting (b) of Qujing Incoherent Scatter Radar on June 21,2012

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图 4 2005年10月19日肖佐教授见证中国加入EISCAT

Figure 4. CRIRP formally joined EISCAT in the witness of Prof. Xiao Zuo on October 19, 2005

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图 5 2006年10月底肖佐教授与EISCAT非相干散射雷达培训班学员合影

Figure 5. Prof. Xiao Zuo attended the EISCAT ISR school in end of October 2006

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图 6 电离层散射回波剖面(a),归一化功率谱(b)^[7]

Figure 6. Ionospheric scatted echo profile (a), and the normalized power spectra (b)

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图 7 电离层电子密度日变化对比

Figure 7. Comparison of the daily variations of ionospheric electron density

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图 8 曲靖非相干散射雷达方位固定、仰角扫描探测的回波功率分布^[7]

Figure 8. Ionospheric echo profile in the elevation scan mode with the fixed azimuth by Qujing ISR

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图 9 不同日期探测的电离层非相干散射回波实例

Figure 9. Examples of the ionospheric echoes recorded by Qujing ISR in different dates

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图 10 2023年4月17日探测的600 km电离层散射回波谱的地方时变化

Figure 10. Variations of the echo spectra at 600 km with local time on 17 April 2023

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图 11 空间碎片穿越雷达波束期间的回波(a)与距离(b)的变化

Figure 11. Variations of echo amplitude (a) and range (b) of space debris when passing through the beam

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图 12 2017年6月30日曲靖非相干散射雷达雷达空间碎片回波分析结果. (a)原始回波时频, (b) Dechirp修正后的时频, (c) 各时间尺度因子对应IRT变换的CM值, (d)散射中心在极坐标系下的排列, (e) IRT成像结果

Figure 12. Experimental result of space debris echo on 30 June 2017 by QJISR^[18]. (a) Raw time-frequency image of the echo, (b) time-frequency image after the De-chirp processed, (c) CM value in the different periods, (d) the scatter center distribution in the polar coordinate, (e) IRT image

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图 13 曲靖(实线)与Arecibo雷达(虚线)探测的月球回波随入射角变化(下方为两雷达测量结果之差)

Figure 13. Echo variation with the incident angle between the Qujing (solid line) and Arecibo (dot line) ISR (the difference between the two radar measurements is shown in the bottom panel)

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图 14 曲靖非相干散射雷达月球回波二维像

Figure 14. Two-dimensional lunar image by the Qujing ISR

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