Short arc initial orbit determination of space debris based on commercial space monitoring data

As domestic space debris monitoring equipment continues to increase, effectively utilizing the vast amount of observational data to enhance the value of commercial space has become a crucial topic for in-depth research. This paper employs data from China's commercial space company's "Yuanwang-1" space-based observation system and the "Zhulong" ground-based monitoring network to determine initial orbits for GEO (geostationary orbit) and LEO (low Earth orbit) targets. TLEs (Two-Line Elements) are used as known values to estimate initial orbit errors. The results are as follows: for GEO targets, the observation arc length is approximately 49.8 seconds, with initial orbit semi-major axis and inclination errors of 84.4 km and 0.4 degrees, respectively; for LEO targets, the observation arc length is about 84.5 seconds, with initial orbit semi-major axis and inclination errors of 12 km and 0.08 degrees, respectively. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the initial orbit determination algorithm used and highlight the significant potential of space-based and ground-based optical-electronic monitoring equipment in the commercial space sector.