Error analysis of HASDM using SWARM satellite data

Based on the atmospheric thermospheric density data inverted by the accelerometers of the SWARM-B and SWARM-C satellites, the error characteristics of the HASDM model were comprehensively analyzed, covering the influence of multi-dimensional factors such as solar activity level, geomagnetic activity level, latitude, local time and altitude. The study found that HASDM showed good performance under high solar activity and enhanced geomagnetic activity conditions, with small errors and high stability, while it was easy to overestimate density under low solar activity and low geomagnetic activity levels; the latitude distribution showed that HASDM mainly showed an underestimation trend in the high latitudes of the North and South Poles, and an overestimation trend near the equator; the local time analysis showed that HASDM could accurately capture the peak and valley changes, but the overestimation phenomenon was more obvious in specific periods such as 3-5 local time and 19-21 local time; the altitude analysis showed that the orbit was elevated, the relative error was small, but the instability increased. The research results provide an important basis for further optimizing the performance of the HASDM model and improving its adaptability in complex space environments.