Standard Dataset for Machine Detection of Small-scale Swirls in the Solar Photosphere

Small-scale photospheric swirls in the photospheric quiet region are widely believed to form as a natural consequence to granular flows, and they may play a key role in transporting energy to the solar upper atmosphere. However, there are significant limitations and biases associated with the manual detection of these small-scale swirls, which may lead to an underestimation of their total number. The Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST) and Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard Hinode spacecraft provide high-resolution and high-quality observations of the solar photosphere, offering sufficient data support for the study of small-scale swirls. The machine recognition of small-scale solar vortices and the extraction algorithm of key parameters was been improved, and the corresponding tool was formed. This dataset includes observations from the SOT telescope of a quiet region in the photosphere in 2007, with a pixel scale of 39.2 km and a cadence of approximately 6.4 s, as well as observations from the SST telescope of a quiet region in the photosphere in 2012, with a pixel scale of 43.6 km and a cadence of 8.25 s. This dataset plays an important role in research on the distribution of photospheric swirls in different solar regions and at different phrases of the solar cycle, as well as their formation mechanisms.