Research on Middle and low latitude ionospheric storms

This article reviews the works made by the team of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of ionospheric storms in recent years. The following five aspects will be outlined: (1) The large-scale characteristics and longitude dependence of ionospheric geomagnetic storms responses in the middle and low latitudes; (2) The coupling process of the ionosphere-thermosphere system during storms; (3) Electrodynamics and dynamic response processes and mechanisms of the ionosphere at low latitudes during storms; (4) Evolution and mechanism of ionospheric irregularities in the middle and low latitudes during storms; (5) Modeling and prediction of parameters during ionospheric storms. These works, by leveraging global and regional multi-source observations, numerical simulations, statistical analyses, and deep learning, systematically reveal the temporal evolution characteristics and spatial dependence of mid-low latitude ionospheric storms, and also explore their underlying physical mechanisms.