Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Chinese Journal of Space Science  > 2026  > Corrected proofOpen Access
LI Yuxi, SHEN Shaoxiang, LU Wei, TANG Chuanjun, LI Shidong, LI Zhongpeng, HE Wangdong, FANG Guangyou. Calibration Method and Implementation for the Lunar Penetrating Radar on Chang’E-7 Mission (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2026, 46(2): 1-13 doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0102
Citation: LI Yuxi, SHEN Shaoxiang, LU Wei, TANG Chuanjun, LI Shidong, LI Zhongpeng, HE Wangdong, FANG Guangyou. Calibration Method and Implementation for the Lunar Penetrating Radar on Chang’E-7 Mission (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2026, 46(2): 1-13 doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0102
shu

Calibration Method and Implementation for the Lunar Penetrating Radar on Chang’E-7 Mission

doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0102 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0102
  • 1.

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190

  • 2.

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190

  • Received Date: 2025-06-30
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-20
    • Available Online: 2025-09-26
    Abstract
  • The Chang’E-7 mission carries a Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) for investigating lunar shallow subsurface structures. To ensure the validity of the acquired data and improve the accuracy and consistency of its interpretation, this study presents a comprehensive calibration framework suitable for space-grade penetrating radar systems, incorporating full-system gain calibration and system transfer function calibration, among others. Applying this methodology, the lunar radar system was rigorously calibrated, clarifying the optimal parameter configuration for its in-orbit operation. Under this parameter setting, all performance metrics of the radar system meet the design requirements: the system gains of the Low-Frequency (LF) and High-Frequency (HF) channels are 171.02 dB and 169.70 dB, respectively, fulfilling the detection depth requirements of 400 m and 40 m. The acquired Time-Varying Gain (TVG) curve and system transfer function, validated through simulated lunar regolith experiments, can provide effective calibration baselines for scientific data obtained during lunar surface exploration. This calibration scheme can serve as a technical reference for the calibration of radar systems in future deep-space exploration missions.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(26)
  • [1]
    YE P J, PENG J. Deep space exploration and its prospect in China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2006, 8(10): 13-18
    [2]
    王晶金, 李成智. 中国嫦娥探月工程的实践历程与创新初探[J]. 工程研究, 2024, 16(3): 364-374 doi: 10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23011111

    WANG Jingjin, LI Chengzhi. Practical history and innovation of China’s Chang’E lunar project[J]. Journal of Engineering Studies, 2024, 16(3): 364-374 doi: 10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23011111
    [3]
    叶培建, 黄江川, 孙泽洲, 等. 中国月球探测器发展历程和经验初探[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2014, 44(6): 543-558 doi: 10.1360/N092014-00150

    YE Peijian, HUANG Jiangchuan, SUN Zezhou, et al. The process and experience in the development of Chinese lunar probe[J]. Scintia Sinica Technologica, 2014, 44(6): 543-558 doi: 10.1360/N092014-00150
    [4]
    孙泽洲, 张廷新, 张熇, 等. 嫦娥三号探测器的技术设计与成就[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2014, 44(4): 331-343 doi: 10.1360/092014-37

    SUN Zezhou, ZHANG Tingxin, ZHANG He, et al. The technical design and achievements of Chang’E-3 probe[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2014, 44(4): 331-343 doi: 10.1360/092014-37
    [5]
    胡浩, 裴照宇, 李春来, 等. 无人月球采样返回工程总体设计——嫦娥五号任务[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2021, 51(11): 1275-1286 doi: 10.1360/SST-2021-0155

    HU Hao, PEI Zhaoyu, LI Chunlai, et al. Overall design of unmanned lunar sampling and return project—Chang’E -5 mission[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2021, 51(11): 1275-1286 doi: 10.1360/SST-2021-0155
    [6]
    LI C L, HU H, YANG M F, et al. Characteristics of the lunar samples returned by the Chang’E-5 mission[J]. National Science Review, 2022, 9(2): nwab188 doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwab188
    [7]
    LI C L, HU H, YANG M F, et al. Nature of the lunar far-side samples returned by the Chang’E-6 mission[J]. National Science Review, 2024, 11(11): nwae328 doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae328
    [8]
    余后满, 饶炜, 张益源, 等. “嫦娥七号”探测器任务综述[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文), 2023, 10(6): 567-576 doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2023.20230119

    YU Houman, RAO Wei, ZHANG Yiyuan, et al. Mission analysis and spacecraft design of Chang’E-7[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2023, 10(6): 567-576 doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2023.20230119
    [9]
    WANG C, JIA Y Z, XUE C B, et al. Scientific objectives and payload configuration of the Chang’E-7 mission[J]. National Science Review, 2024, 11(2): nwad329 doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwad329
    [10]
    傅晓晶, 蔡晓东, 刘一鸣, 等. “嫦娥七号”探测器多器协同综合测试技术[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文), 2023, 10(6): 577-585 doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2023.20230103

    FU Xiaojing, CAI Xiaodong, LIU Yiming, et al. Comprehensive testing technology for multi spacecraft collaboration in Chang’E-7 lunar probe[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2023, 10(6): 577-585 doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2023.20230103
    [11]
    ASTM International. ASTM D6087-22 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-covered Concrete Bridge Decks using Ground Penetrating Radar[S]. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2022
    [12]
    MAHMOUDZADEH ARDEKANI M R, LAMBOT S. Full-wave calibration of time- and frequency-domain ground-penetrating radar in far-field conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2014, 52(1): 664-678 doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2243458
    [13]
    PAJEWSKI L, VRTUNSKI M, BUGARINOVIĆ Ž, et al. GPR system performance compliance according to COST action TU1208 guidelines[J]. Ground Penetrating Radar, 2018, 1(2): GPR-1-2-1
    [14]
    CROCI R, FOIS F, FLAMINI E, et al. Calibration report of the SHARAD instrument[C]//2007 4th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar. Aula Magna Partenope: IEEE, 2007: 241-245. DOI: 10.1109/AGPR.2007.386560
    [15]
    BENEDIX W S, PLETTEMEIER D, WOLF K, et al. External calibration of GPR antenna accommodated on a rover[C]//Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Barcelona: IEEE, 2010: 1-4
    [16]
    CAMPBELL B A, MORGAN G A, BERNARDINI F, et al. Calibration of Mars reconnaissance orbiter Shallow Radar (SHARAD) data for subsurface probing and surface reflectivity studies[J]. Icarus, 2021, 360: 114358. DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114358
    [17]
    HERVÉ Y, CIARLETTI V, LE GALL A, et al. The WISDOM radar on board the ExoMars 2022 Rover: characterization and calibration of the flight model[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2020, 189: 104939. doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2020.104939
    [18]
    沈绍祥, 赵博, 卢伟, 等. 嫦娥七号探测器有效载荷分系统测月雷达正样设计报告: KTY-CEY200-7-X JB 43[R]. 北京: 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 2024

    SHEN Shaoxiang, ZHAO Bo, LU Wei, et al. Final Design Report of the Lunar Penetrating Radar Flight Model for Chang’E-7 Payload Subsystem: KTY-CEY200-7-X JB 43[R]. Beijing: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024
    [19]
    李玉喜. 嫦娥五号有效载荷月壤结构探测仪定标与验证研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2019

    LI Yuxi. Research on Calibration and Verification of Lunar Penetrating Array Radar for Chang’E-5 Payload[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019
    [20]
    CARRIER III W D, OLHOEFT G R, MENDELL W. Physical Properties of the Lunar Surface[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991
    [21]
    LI C L, SU Y, PETTINELLI E, et al. The Moon’s farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang’E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar[J]. Science Advances, 2020, 6(9): eaay6898. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6898
    [22]
    ZHANG J H, ZHOU B, LIN Y T, et al. Lunar regolith and substructure at Chang’E-4 landing site in South Pole–Aitken basin[J]. Nature Astronomy, 2020, 5(1): 25-30. doi: 10.1038/s41550-020-1197-x
    [23]
    NOON D A, STICKLEY G F, LONGSTAFF D. A frequency-independent characterisation of GPR penetration and resolution performance[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 1998, 40(1/2/3): 127-137. doi: 10.1016/S0926-9851(98)00008-1
    [24]
    SU Y, WANG R G, DENG X J, et al. Hyperfine structure of regolith unveiled by Chang’E-5 lunar regolith penetrating radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2022, 60: 5110414. DOI: 1109/TGRS.2022.3148200
    [25]
    李玉喜, 沈绍祥, 卢伟, 等. 嫦娥七号探测器有效载荷分系统测月雷达定标试验大纲: KTY-CEY200-7-X DG 02[R]. 北京: 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 2024

    LI Yuxi, SHEN Shaoxiang, LU Wei, et al. Calibration Test Outline of the Lunar Penetrating Radar for Chang’E-7 Payload Subsystem: KTY-CEY200-7-X DG 02[R]. Beijing: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024
    [26]
    李玉喜, 沈绍祥, 卢伟, 等. 嫦娥七号探测器有效载荷分系统测月雷达正样件定标试验总结: KTY-CEY200-7-X SB 26[R]. 北京: 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 2024

    LI Yuxi, SHEN Shaoxiang, LU Wei, et al. Calibration Test Summary of the Lunar Penetrating Radar Flight Model for Chang’E-7 Payload Subsystem: KTY-CEY200-7-X SB 26[R]. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024
    • Related Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    Figures(16)  / Tables(1)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article Views(434) PDF Downloads(54) Cited by()
    Visiting Statistics
    Related Articles

    Journal Introduction

    ISSN 2097-7689       CN 11-1783/V

    Copyright © Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Space Science.  京ICP备08100722号

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return