Design Method of Dynamic Channelization for Space-based Spectrum Sensing

The proliferation of electromagnetic devices in orbital environments has made electromagnetic spectrum sensing a critical capability for modern space-based systems. As space-based communication networks expand and electromagnetic interference becomes increasingly complex, advanced spectrum monitoring solutions are essential. This paper addresses the cross-channel signal processing challenge in wideband spectrum sensing, particularly for space-based platforms with limited computational resources and stringent real-time processing requirements. A dynamic channelization system incorporating perfect reconstruction polyphase filter banks is proposed to enable efficient wideband signal decomposition and parallel processing. The architecture features an analysis-synthesis joint processing framework that reduces onboard computational complexity while preserving signal integrity. An Optimized Constant False Alarm Rate (Optimized-CFAR) detection algorithm is developed to improve detection performance under varying noise conditions. The system employs a time-frequency domain joint cross-channel decision method for precise reconstruction of signals spanning multiple frequency channels. The polyphase filter bank design minimizes aliasing and distortion while ensuring computational efficiency for satellite implementation. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements. At a 15 dB signal-to-noise ratio, the system achieves 98.6% detection probability, substantially outperforming conventional methods. The reconstructed signal fidelity reaches 0.972, indicating excellent preservation of signal characteristics. The cross-channel decision algorithm effectively resolves signal boundary ambiguities, enabling accurate identification and reconstruction of wideband signals exceeding individual channel bandwidths. The proposed system provides an efficient solution for space-based spectrum monitoring applications. The integration of Optimized-CFAR detection with polyphase filtering techniques offers a scalable framework for real-time wideband spectrum analysis suitable for orbital deployment, enhancing electromagnetic spectrum awareness capabilities for space-based communication and surveillance systems.