2009 Vol. 29, No. 1

Display Method:
Development for detecting upper atmospheric wind and temperature from satellite
Wang Yongmei, Fu Liping, Du Shusong, Wang Yingjian
2009, 29(1): 1-6. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.001
Abstract(5099) PDF 610KB(2239)
Abstract:
Upper atmospheric wind and temperature are important basic parameters. Its global high-precision measurement has broad prospects for various applications, so the strong demand to explore them is growing the interferometric spectrometer is characterized with multi-channel, high-throughput and high spectral resolution, it becomes the optimum choice for detecting upper atmospheric wind and temperature. The current successful application of the interferometric spectrometer has two kinds, Fabry-Perot interferometer and wide angle Michelson interferometer. The paper mainly reviews the interferometric spectrometers used in the upper atmosphere wind and temperature field exploration, analysis and compares the feasibility of several interferometers measurement of wind and temperature and their respective advantages and disadvantages. These work lays a foundation for our future on-board detection in China.
Effects of interfacial reaction on tensile strength of carbon fibre reinforced magnesium composites
Li Kun, Pei Zhiliang, Gong Jun, Shi Nanlin, Sun Chao
2009, 29(1): 7-9. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.007
Abstract(4024) PDF 562KB(1620)
Abstract:
Carbon fibre reinforced magnesium-based composites were fabricated by gas press infiltration method. Three kinds of magnesium alloys matrixes were employed. The fractographes of the composites were characterized by SEM, and the interfacial areas of C/Mg were characterized by TEM. The results showed that the reactions in the interfacial areas were affected by the content of Aluminum in the matrix. As the increasing content of Aluminum, the reactions became more intensive. Also, the interfacial bonding strength and microstructure were seriously influenced by the reactions. A weak-bonding interface was found in the C/c.p.Mg composite, however, the strong-bonding interfaces were found in both Cf/AZ31 and Cf/AZ91 composites.
Application of combinatorial materials approach for fast screening of Zn-Al alloy films
Liu Qian, Chen Wei, Liu Qingfeng, Gui Linhua, Zhu Lihui, Wang Li
2009, 29(1): 10-16. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.010
Abstract(4113) PDF 800KB(1821)
Abstract:
A combinatorial method was used to deposit a Zn-Al material library on a low carbon steel substrate by ion beam sputtering. As-deposited film samples were annealed at varied heat treatment conditions to promote the diffusion between the elements for a through-thickness homogenous sample. XRD and EDS analyses were carried out for composition and structure, AFM and TEM images were obtained for morphology observation. Nanoindentation tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviour of samples. Electrochemical corrosion properties of the Zn-Al material library were evaluated by a modified tape test. A relationship among composition-structural phase-property of Zn-Al alloy films was set up by the fast screening method. Results show that the Zn-Al film with a composition of about 30 at % Zn has either the best anti-corrosion property, or better mechanical property.
Influence of impurity on surface morphology and growth kinetics of a lysozyme crystal
Dai Guoliang, Liu Xingyu, Wang Sujing, Kang Qi, Hu Wenrui
2009, 29(1): 17-22. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.017
Abstract(4893) PDF 627KB(1671)
Abstract:
The influences of impurity on surface morphology and growth kinetics of tetragonal lysozyme crystals were studied. There was a significant difference in morphology of 2D islands on a {110} face when the impurities existed. Impurities significantly decreased the normal growth rates of both the {110} and {101} face. F-lysozyme decreased the normal growth rate of both the {110} face and {101} face. The values of kinetic coefficient of the steps, surface free energy, and ledge free energy of the step edge were determined.
Contact force simulation and test analysis of docking mechanism
Xiao Yuzhi, Shi Junwei, Guo Jiahua
2009, 29(1): 23-28. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.023
Abstract(3413) PDF 695KB(1510)
Abstract:
During the course of docking dynamic test, the contact force is beyond the index. Math model is built to simulate the test process, and the suggestion is given to solve the problem. According to the math simulation results, modified components were assembled to the docking systems. Finally, the results of the math simulation indicate that the force data contains the structure frequency information, and the later modal test for the spacecraft simulators validates the math model, and the suggestion is given that the docking dynamic test data should be filter.
Design of three-axis stable robust adaptive attitude control of microsatellites
Zhang Liu, Wang Shaoju, Jin Guang
2009, 29(1): 29-33. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.029
Abstract(4370) PDF 508KB(1842)
Abstract:
The attitude control problem of certain microsatellites with uncertainty structure and unknown but constant external interference is studied in this paper. Based on Lyapunov method and utilizing the input-output property of Euler-Lagrange systems, a robust adaptive controller without dynamics decoupling is presented. Computer simulation shows that this control algorithm possesses good control performance and robustness.
Adjust to the balance of three-DOF air-bearing test-platform and the research of disturber torque
Yang Xiubin, Jin Guang, Xu Kai
2009, 29(1): 34-38. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.034
Abstract(3989) PDF 539KB(1858)
Abstract:
Three-DOF air-bearing test-platform is the key test base of simulating the satellite attitude motion for simulating the satellite emulation effective, so as to simulate the torque-free environment in the space. 3-DOF air-bearing test-platform disturber moment is analysed. When there is a shift between the gravity center and the rotary center, the static unbalance appears. While a shift exits between main inertia axes and rotary axis, the dynamic unbalance appears. In addition, the principal and procedure of balancing a 3-DOF air-bearing test-platform and the technology of manual and automatic balancing it are discussed. The equations of kinetics are derived. At last a lot of methods are used to measure the static unbalance moment and disturber moment in order to supply satellites' attitude motion with a model of availability, precisions and efficiency.
Analysis of flywheel disturbance and measuring technology
Wang Quanwu, Hu Gang
2009, 29(1): 39-44. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.039
Abstract(3222) PDF 723KB(2268)
Abstract:
Flywheel has been identified as one of the main disturbance sources that affect the precision of attitude control system of spacecraft. In this paper, the main sources of vibration disturbances from flywheels were analyzed. The disturbance measuring technology used by some research centers were introduced and reviewed, which included NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Tsukuba Space Center of the National Space Development Agency of Japan and MIT Space Systems Laboratory. This paper is helpful for establishing flywheel disturbance measuring system.
Target based SNR analysis of spaceborne panchromatic TDICCD camera
Zhong Xing, Jin Guang, Zhang Lei
2009, 29(1): 45-49. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.045
Abstract(4090) PDF 672KB(1584)
Abstract:
TDICCD is a new optoelectronic sensor developed these years, and is widely used in the design and developing of spaceborne camera. This paper analyzes the solar elevation and luminance of target, builds a mathematic model of the radiance transition from the observing target on the ground to the entrance pupil of spaceborne camera. This method can fast induce the SNR of spaceborne panchromatic TDICCD camera for any target, and validate the feassibility of satellite platform design. Taking actual camera for example, the result shows the solar elevation of some target at 20° north latitude is 41.5°~76.7°. The maximal SNR of TDICCD camera whose F number is 15 can be more than 40 dB. This paper is useful for the actual engineering.
Research on micro-magnetic sensor based on giant magneto-impedance in amorphous wire
Wang Xiaomei, Teng Yuntian, Wang Xizhen, Wang Chen, Zhou Xun
2009, 29(1): 50-53. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.050
Abstract(4065) PDF 526KB(1444)
Abstract:
The principle and factors of the Giant Magnetic-Impedance (GMI) in amorphous wire are analysed in detail. The operating principle of the sensor based on GMI is analyzed, and the signal processing circuit of micro-magnetic sensor is designed. With the characteristics of micromation and low power consumption, magnetic sensor could be used in the space magnetic-measurement.
Application of FPGA in space electronics device
Yan Lei, Wang Qiang, Fang Liang, Gu Hongjing, Li Nan
2009, 29(1): 54-58. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.054
Abstract(3230) PDF 604KB(1635)
Abstract:
This paper introduces several mainstream programmable logic devices used in space electronics equipment. In consideration of particular characteristics of space environment, special approaches should be used when using FPGA in space. Functional Triple Modular Redundancy (FTMR) approach in FPGA design has been introduced to protect design from the SEU (Single Event Upset) induced by radiation. Examples of FTRM are given to demonstrate the effects of this approach.
Ground dynamics simulation and experiment of solar array
Guo Qiwei, Gou Yongjie, He Gang, Tang Guoan
2009, 29(1): 59-63. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.059
Abstract(3950) PDF 578KB(1615)
Abstract:
The research of Shijian-7 (SJ-7) solar array deployment on the ground was carried out using three methods, such as dynamic pressure simple formula, 3D-FLUENT simulation and generalized additive inertia method. For the first time the real-time coupling calculation was realized between multibody system dynamics and aerodynamics, and which is successfully applied on the research of the solar array. The results of the three different methods validate each other and get better precision than previous method. At the same time the simulation results are in accordance with the experiment results. The foregoing methods are applied on other solar array type which is being researched at present.
Energy characteristics study of aerospace relay mirror system
Liu Chunyu, Jin Guang
2009, 29(1): 64-67. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.064
Abstract(3254) PDF 519KB(1475)
Abstract:
Aerospace Relay Mirror System (ARMS) as a new conceptional weapon used in reflection of High Energy Laser (HEL) in space is studied. It extends the attacking range of Ground Based Laser (GBL) weapons enormously. Relevant researches have been carried out for many years. The structure and operating theory of the entire system consists of ground-based high energy laser weapon and space-based relay mirror. The main work of this study was focused on the analysis of relay mirror energy character to deduce the relationship among the attacking range of weapon and diameter of ARMS and target irradiance. Calculation examples are also given. The result further proves the strong points and feasibility of ARMS in principles. It is summarized that more importance should be attached to ARMS development. The results given in this paper can be the reference of actual ARMS system to some extends.
Research on electrostatic deformation of space membrane mirror
Liu Chunyu, Jin Guang
2009, 29(1): 68-72. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.068
Abstract(3105) PDF 566KB(1914)
Abstract:
Aerospace Relay Mirror System (ARMS) as a new conceptional weapon used in reflection of High Energy Laser (HEL) in space is studied. It extends the attacking range of Ground Based Laser (GBL) weapons enormously. Relevant researches have been carried out for many years. The structure and operating theory of the entire system consists of ground-based high energy laser weapon and space-based relay mirror. The main work of this study was focused on the analysis of relay mirror energy character to deduce the relationship among the attacking range of weapon and diameter of ARMS and target irradiance. Calculation examples are also given. The result further proves the strong points and feasibility of ARMS in principles. It is summarized that more importance should be attached to ARMS development. The results given in this paper can be the reference of actual ARMS system to some extends.
Characterization of the Q-factor of resonator for dielectric measurements
Ni Erhu, Luo Ping, Li Dihui
2009, 29(1): 73-77. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.073
Abstract(3049) PDF 473KB(1269)
Abstract:
The transmission-type measurement of the Q-factor of a reentrant cavity is used to determine unloaded Qu from the measured loaded Ql by the 3 dB three frequencies method together with insertion loss at the maximum output. Also, the one-port reflection technique is used to determine unloaded Qu from the resonant frequency and the bandwidth measured at the xdB point, as well as the magnitudes of the input reflection coefficient measured at both resonant frequency and xdB return loss for the same reentrant cavity. The arithmetic mean Qu was evaluated to be 2519±34 tested under the 40 various couplings at frequency 500 MHz by using transmission and reflection techniques. Finally, these techniques are applied to the realization and tuning of that the input and output couplings are identical to each other for a transmission-mode resonator. Meanwhile, the selection of Q-factor values in measurements of complex permittivity of dielectric materials is discussed.
Experimental research on the momentum wheel failure physical model
Fan Youwen, Yang Xiaoli, Li Chunwei, Qing Tao
2009, 29(1): 78-86. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.078
Abstract(2974) PDF 954KB(1346)
Abstract:
For momentum wheel product's development and lifetime assessment, the physical failure model test is conducted. Because the momentum wheel failure is represented as the failure of its bearing assembly lubrication system, the bearing assembly is selected as the test model. In this paper, we has analyzed the real working environment of momentum wheel bearing assembly, determined the ground simulation specification of the test model, then the effecting factors of bearing assembly lubrication system failure are analyzed, after that to determine the sampling scheme. Finally, the mathematical presentation of the failure of bearing assembly lubrication system is given. For the assurance of momentum wheel product lifetime assessment, it is believed to produce two important tribology matching tests during production is necessary.
Development and advisement of the earthquake electromagnetic satellite
Teng Yuntian, Wang Xizhen, Wang Xiaomei, Zhou Xun
2009, 29(1): 87-92. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.087
Abstract(2352) PDF 625KB(1344)
Abstract:
A lot of examples indicate that there is interrelation between earthquake and ionosphere, which is the theoretic element for development of earthquake electromagmetic satellite. In this paper, development and trend of earthquake electromagmetic satellite of some countries are analyzed and some proposals for research on it at present are put forward. As conclusion, it may be necessity to build an integrative constellation composed of electromagmetic, InSar, gravity, IR and other satellite to realize earthquake prediction.
Research on ground system for space science satellite of microgravity experiments
Li Xuzhi, Liu Yurong, Wang Hongfei, Hei Baoqin
2009, 29(1): 93-97. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.093
Abstract(4192) PDF 559KB(2003)
Abstract:
Relative to other space missions, space microgravity experiments have such charachteristics as dispersed users, real-time or near real-time process control requirement in experiments, a variety of processing requirements for space scientific data, etc. A framework assumption of ground system platform is proposed, according to the characteristics of space scientific experiments and the requirements for its ground support system, considering some finished ground support systems for space scientific experiments such as Shijian-8 satellite, Double Star and Shenzhou spacecrafts and the requirements of space scientific experiments in the future. This system platform supports status monitoring and control of space scientific experiments, telescience experiments and customizing standard data product. It can meet the need of multi-task in space scientific experiments with commonality and extensibility.
Research and development status and its key technology analysis on multi-locking and releasing mechanism
Hu Ming, Hua Daolan, Liu Rongqiang, Deng Zongquan
2009, 29(1): 98-101. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.098
Abstract(2608) PDF 521KB(1502)
Abstract:
The research and developing status on locking and releasing mechanism at home and abroad are reviewed in this paper. And then some kinds of locking and releasing mechanism and its locking forms are analyzed, including their node types and locking forms. The key technology on multi-locking and releasing mechanism is studied especially, including influencing factors of design, driving and transmission forms and performing mechanism characteristics, which provide the basis for future project design and analysis.
Servo-control analysis of electrostatically suspended accelerometer
Xue Datong
2009, 29(1): 102-106. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.102
Abstract(3003) PDF 502KB(1596)
Abstract:
According to the principle of general relativity, in this paper the reference frame is chosen as the satellites, which levitate freely in the orbit under ideal circumstance, The movement of the test mass and the electrode cage of the electrostatically suspended accelerometer are discussed and the dynamics equation of test mass motion, inside the electrode cage is obtained. It is beared out, that the visible lacunan is in the similar expression offered by references [1],
[2]. The servo-control circuitry of the electrostatically suspended accelerometer is analyzed and the expressions of the electric damp coefficient, the closed loop natural angular frequency (i.e. the basic angular frequency of the accelerometer), the angular frequency dominated by the uncontrolled stiffness, such as the electrostatic negative stiffness, the acceleration from electrostatically suspending and the relatively displacement of the test mass etc are presented. It is put forward that the gain of the servo-control circuitry must be sufficient to provide the appropriate closed loop natural angular frequency. The expressions of the acceleration noise caused by the position noise are offered. It is proved, that the relatively displacement of the test mass is nearly naught in the frequency bandwidth of the suspension, when the gain of the servo-control circuitry is sufficient.
On fault-tolerance of IEEE1394 PHY/Link interface
Zhou Qingrui, Sun Huixian
2009, 29(1): 107-111. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.107
Abstract(2170) PDF 588KB(1193)
Abstract:
IEEE1394 bus is a high performance commercial bus standard. Today, it is gradually used in avionics. So it is necessary to study the fault tolerance of IEEE1394 to meet the avionics reliability and performance requirements. In this paper, the study is focused on the fault tolerance of PHY/link interface. All kinds of fault possibly presented in the interface signals between physical layer and link layer under PHY control, were analyzed. The techniques of how to
avoid these faults for serious damage to avionics were provided.
Error correction technology based on CCSDS standard for remote sensing satellite
Han Jiawei, Zhang Hongqun
2009, 29(1): 112-116. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.112
Abstract(2307) PDF 515KB(1472)
Abstract:
There is always noise disturbance during the satellite data downlink. Almost all the satellite data is coded before downlink to enhance the ability of anti-disturbance. Among those many data processing ways to reduce the influence of the noise in the signal channel, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) provides many kinds of coding ways to improve the data quality. In this paper, we will discuss the theory of error correction for PN, CRC, RS and Viterbi based on CCSDS standard firstly, and then take the Envisat satellite as an example to show the decoder procedure. The data quality is improved greatly after the data processing.
Navigation device scheme and information processing method of RLV
Mu Rongjun, Han Pengxin, Cui Naigang
2009, 29(1): 117-123. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.117
Abstract(3961) PDF 790KB(1333)
Abstract:
Through the research on orbital characteristics of RLV (Reusable Launch Vehicle), navigation device design scheme on different orbital sections is put forward. In allusion to requests of higher fault tolerant property, intelligentized level and dynamic ability, an integrated navigation information processing method based on DBNs theory with fault tolerant capability is proposed. By dynamic selective DBNs controller for navigation sensors and their
combination, active and dynamic optimal deployment and real time health monitoring are achieved.
Recoverable satellites and space science experiments in China
Li Chunhua, Ni Runli
2009, 29(1): 124-129. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.124
Abstract(3821) PDF 646KB(1659)
Abstract:
Twenty-three recoverable satellites have been successfully launched in China since 1975. A number of microgravity experiments were successfully performed by utilizing the piggyback capability of the satellite apart from the main task during the previous flights. An overview of the recoverable satellite development in China is given in the present paper. Main characteristics of the Chinese recoverable satellites and the scientific experiments completed onboard the satellites are discussed. The environment condition and the interface between the working payload and satellite during different design and manufacture phase are also briefly described. Future trend of platform technology and the applications are presented.
Research on multi-system software GNSS receiver of micro-satellite
He Xiaojun, Wang Shaoju, Jin Guang
2009, 29(1): 130-134. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.130
Abstract(3395) PDF 604KB(1556)
Abstract:
This paper reviews the Global Position System (GPS) satellite signal first, and then introduced the Software Define Radio (SDR) into Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. It also presents the development of a new kind of GNSS receiver, which is upgradable, highly flexible and multi-system compatible. In order to apply it on the Micro-Satellite Platform (MSP), the hardware system was made up of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The software structure is also presented. In the end of the paper, the advantage and disadvantage of the software GNSS receiver applied in MSP are given, and the future of this GNSS receiver is discussed.
Choice of CCD optical remote sensor parameter
Jin Guang, Zhong Xing
2009, 29(1): 135-139. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.135
Abstract(3348) PDF 605KB(1936)
Abstract:
Image quality is the ultimate target for evaluating an optical remote sensing system. This paper introduces the concept and physical intension of resolution, and educes the concept of optical cutoff frequency and image smearing from the diffraction resolution of diffraction-limited incoherent imaging. To evaluate the image quality of sampling imaging system, the IQF (Image Quality Factor) λF/P is used to perform the sampling extension of CCD. This paper discusses the relation between optical remote sensor and SNR (signal to noise ratio) of the image. Taking advantage of image simulation function of ZEMAX software, the image of a space-based remote sensor with 9 m focal length and F number being 18 optical system is analyzed. The pixel size of the CCD is chosen to be 8.75μm and 13μm . The simulation result validates the influence of λF/P and SNR on image resolution. This result will instruct the choice of CCD optical remote sensor parameter.
Introduction and interpretation of fluid mechanical experiments by Don Pettit on International Space Station
Li Jianqiang, Yuan Zhangfu
2009, 29(1): 140-144. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.140
Abstract(3389) PDF 634KB(1395)
Abstract:
The microgravity experiments "Saturday Morning Science'' carried by Don Pettit, senior science astronaut, in 2003 on International Space Station was introduced in the present paper. The experiments video which has become available on NASA website demonstrates a variety of surprising phenomena which are highly related to the basic sciences in fluid convection, mechanics, crystallography, kinematics and so on. The experiments include 14 fluid experiments and 7 mechanical experiments. Only fluid experiments were narrated in this paper, particularly "Marangoni convection'' and "thin film crystallizer'' were compared with their counterparts on ground and the effects of microgravity on relevant phenomena were analyzed.
Study on pool boiling heat transfer in microgravity
Zhao Jianfu, Hu Wenrui
2009, 29(1): 145-149. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.145
Abstract(3261) PDF 613KB(1751)
Abstract:
Two experiments on pool boiling in microgravity have been conducted aboard the Chinese recoverable satellites. Ground-based experiments have also been performed both in normal gravity and in short-term microgravity in the Drop Tower Beijing. A thin platinum wire and a plain plate were used as heaters, respectively. Steady boiling of R113 on the wire was studied with a temperature-controlled heating method, while quasi-steady boiling of FC-72 on the plate was investigated with an exponentially increasing heating voltage. In the first case, slight enhancement of heat transfer is observed in microgravity, while diminution is evident for high heat flux in the second one. Lateral motions of bubbles on the heaters are observed before their departure in microgravity. The surface oscillation of the merged bubbles due to lateral coalescence between adjacent bubbles drives it to detach from the heaters. It's also discussed about the Marangoni effect on the bubble behavior.
Comprehension and non-contact measurement of surface tension under microgravity
Dou Lei, Li Jianqiang, Yuan Zhangfu
2009, 29(1): 150-153. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.150
Abstract(4418) PDF 582KB(2115)
Abstract:
Surface tension is one of the most important physical chemistry parameters in material field. Many interface phenomena under microgravity attract scientists and need farther study. Sessile drop method is the main way to measure surface tension of melts, which works well on the earth. However, it is difficult to be used under microgravity environment. The paper expresses new cognition about measurement after thinking of the theory of surface tension, and discusses the difficulty of using sessile drop method under microgravity environment. This paper introduces levitation method to measure the surface tension, especially the electromagnetic levitation method, which avoids the error brought by vessel contacting. Under microgravity environment, the electromagnetic levitation method can improve the measurement precision.
Select for material science processing experiment furnaces on space station
Xi Risheng
2009, 29(1): 154-158. doi: 10.11728/cjss2009.01.154
Abstract(3168) PDF 693KB(1778)
Abstract:
It is summarized in the paper that material science processing experiment furnaces on International Space Station (ISS) prepared by some country. Some features are presented as follows: highly integrated synthesis experiment ability such as preparing materials, measuring, analyzing and managing, higher precision, stability and long lifetime; modularization, standardization and assembled, applying telescience experiment technology. Since 1998, to meet the requirement for China space station in the future, a few kinds of telescience processing furnaces in space and teleoperation prototype furnaces have being developed, which can be used during unmanned long flight and with robotic sample replacement. Proposal is given for design and development aiming at that the function is specialized, the structure is modularized and the interface is standardized. It is also proposed that the future furnace should be able for quick reconfiguration through technical integration.